The History And Background Of Positivism Philosophy Essay

The History And Background Of Positivism Philosophy see french philosopher Auguste Comte (1798 1857) has been known as the father of modern discipline of sociology and founder of advantageousness possible action. Even though his popularity has seen a declining trend in the past several decades, neertheless he was precise popular until the set close to of 20th century. His thought was so popular that the Latin American country, such as Brazil and Mexico do Comtes thought as their theme motto. The Brazilians argon still proud of Ordem e Progresso (Order and Progress) embossed on their national flag. The followers of Comte were equ consummate(a)lyy active in England, America, Turkey and other(a) parts of the world.Comtes views on the concept of positivity feel been explained in his book The cut through on Positive Philosophy(1830-1842) which spreads over six volumes. The overlord French has been translated by Harriet Martineau into English which is titled asThe Positive Ph ilosophy of Auguste Comte. The first cardinal volumes of the Course primarily deals with already existing physical sciences, like mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry and biota and the next two volumes in succession explains close complaisant science, as the next logical science after the physical sciences. He observed the phenomena of circular dependency between theory and observation in physical sciences which helped him to reach to the windup that the science of decree is no different from other natural sciences.Comtes View on Evolution of globeOne of the some alone-important(prenominal) pillar on which the favourableness philosophy stands is the general law of the tether breaker points. By advocating the law of the three stages, Comte explains that, in its quest for truth the society passes through three consecutive phylogenesis phases. Here Comtes whim has striking similarity with Karl Marxs view of a benevolent society peaking with a utopian tenderistic class-less society. However, it is not surprising as both Marx and Comte were highly influenced by the famous utopian sociologist of the time, Henri de Saint Simon, who was also the mentor of Comte for some time.The law of three stages states that in the natural wait on of exploitation of the society, the philanthropy goes through three stages the theological, the metaphysical and the positive. The theological stage is the necessary starting point in the evolution process of mankind, whereas the positive state is the natural stage where humanity ought to be and the in termediary metaphysical stage is a transitory phase necessary for the inflection from the first to the third stage. In the theological stage, the human society was ejectd based on divine ideas and humanitys whole hearted belief in all things in reference to the God. During this stage, instead of relying on its rational ability to seek truth behind human existence, the humanity dischargely accepted the principles of the place of worship. In terms of material information of humanity, this stage corresponds to the elevation of militarism.During the metaphysical stage of human evolution, in its quest for the causes of natural phenomena, humanity explained them as the result of the witchlike interventions and abstract entities. According to Comte, this stage corresponds to the time since the Enlightenment till the aftermath of French Revolution and the most important feature of this period is respect for the universal rights of humanity. He believed that there are certain rights innate to humanity which must be respected. This is the phase when various forms of governances rose and fell, all with the primary of object lens of safeguarding the rights intrinsical to humanity.The natural process of human evolution culminates with the scientific or the positive stage when human melodic theme no longer seek the causes for various natural phenomena, instead it limit itself to various scientifi c laws governing body them. The primary belief of this stage is that individual rights are the supreme and humanitys ability to govern itself in its bring out will is what makes this stage different from other stages. According to Comte, these three stages are the fundamental rules upon which the society and its learning are based. All the three stages must be completed in successive manner and without the complete understanding of the former the later cant just come into existence.According to Comte, understanding the past is genuinely critical because only through the thorough understanding of the past the future could be built and the transition from proceeding stage to the next one would be possible. So the concept of continuous progression or sociable evolution was the main theme of the concept of positivity. Further, he believes that the history of one science is of no use unless it is employ for the choose of the development of humanity as whole. So in nutshell the s ocial evolution theory presented by Comte is of the opinion that humanity passes through different stages through which it acquires intellectual advancements and the whole process culminates with the positive or the scientific stage. However, Comtes social evolution theory is flawed due to one primary reason. That is the final positive stage assumes attainment of complete understanding about the universe by the humanity which is impossible in reality. Because humanity continues using the existing scientific association to know to a greater extent and more and the process never ends. In that sense, humanity can never attain the so called positivist stage when there is nothing left for the humanity to know.Comtes View of the Classification of SciencesApart from the three stages of social evolution of humanity, the 2nd most important pillar on which the theory of advantageousness rests on is the classification of sciences. In the first three volumes of The Course on Positive Philos ophy, Comte has thoroughly examined the five fundamental sciences mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry and biology and has classified in that sequence. Comte is of the view that each discipline is closely related to the preceding one and the complete development of the former gives birth to the later. After the complete development of the natural sciences, then came the queen science, which is Sociology. He has dedicated the remaining two volumes of the Course to sociology, which according to Comte is the culmination of all sciences. The natural sciences had to come first, so that humanity could use the knowledge of other sciences toward the most complex science of sociology.The classification of the sciences has been done in a manner of shifting from simplicity toward complexity. Mathematics is the simplest among all the sciences, in the sense that it is objective point with absence of subjectivity and at the extreme end there is sociology, which is highly subjective making it the most complex. Moreover, if we look at the historical aspect of the development of these disciplines, astronomy requires mathematics, similarly chemistry requires physics. In other words, development of each science requires the knowledge of the preceding discipline and the full-fledged development of the former leads to the development of the later. However, according to Comte, other branches of science, like zoology, botany, etc. are simply not science because they are withal to develop completely to be called as science. As Peter Halfpenny says in his book, Positivism and Sociology positivism is a unity of science thesis, according to which all sciences can be integrated into a iodin natural system.3Not to mention that among the various classifications of sciences proposed till date, the classification as advocated by Comte is still very popular all over the world.Comte was not the first individual to think about the scientific cogitation of social phenomena. He was highl y influenced by the ideas devised by Hume, Kant and his mentor Saint-Simon for new philosophy of positivism. However, there is no doubt that Comte broadens and systematized the necessitate of sociology to great extent. The Social Physics as he called it first, sociology was divided into two main areas, social statistics and social dynamics. While the first branch concerns about the forces keeping the society together, the later in the first place concentrates on causal aspect of social changes. In his later career, when he was criticized by scholars like J.S. lurk as the bad Comte (in contrast to the hot Comte during his first phase of his career), came up with the idea of ideal positivist society based on altruistic ideals in his System of Positive Polity. He established righteousness of Humanity with the intellectual sociologists as its priests. He was of the opinion that in the industrially developed positivist society, the actual administration would be in the hands of bus inessmen, the sociologists would be guide and model of public morality and lastly the women would be entrusted with the task of maintaining private morality. He has been severely criticised for going against his law of three stages, by wretched towards a theological ideology by establishing a new religion. Moreover, his support of elite administration and lethargy towards democratic set-up, etc. are also target of criticism. Nevertheless, Comtes view of sociology as the case of human society and positivist methodology of social research still remains his remarkable contribution. As Frederic Harrison commented in his 1901 oblige that Positivism at once a philosophy, a polity and a religion all three harmonized by the idea of a supreme Humanity, all three concentrated on the good and progress of Humanity.4In fact positivism is perhaps the only philosophy ever came with a complete set of principles concerning social reorganization and religious observance.Post-Comte PositivismComt es positivist philosophy became popular with the foundation of The prescribed Review by Emile Littre in 1867. The Whig writer Harriet Martineau translated many of Comtes works into English, after which English followers of positivism increased. While George Elliot appreciated Comtes Religion of Humanity, Spencer was highly influenced by the positivist idea of to formulate his social Darwinistic philosophy. French social scientist Emile Durkheim, even though critical of many of Comtes positivist principles, his methodology to study sociology has its origin in Comtes positivism.Durkheim and PositivismEstablishment of sociology as an independent branch of knowledge and academic discipline is the most important contribution of French social scientist Emile Durkheim. He is credited with establishment of first Department of Sociology in the University of Bordeaux in 1895. Though he rejected much of the ideas of Comtes positivism, he completely accepted that sociology is the continuation of the natural sciences and its study must be based on objectivity, causality and rationality. In his The Rules of Sociological Methods published in French in 1895, he clearly indicated two principles for sociology to be called as a science. commencemently, it must concern about a particular object of study (social facts) and secondly, an objective scientific method must be used for the study without prejudice and subjective judgment.5In his book Suicide (1897) Durkheim attempted to prove that Catholic Christians have a lower self-destruction rate than the Protestants, through collection of social facts, such as suicide rate and membership of different religious faiths and their statistical treatment. Collection of social facts, according to Durkheim is the fundamental objective of sociology. He believed Comtes scientific approach is not suitable to study human society, instead he entangle the need for a different sociological scientific approach, for which he developed the concep t of sui generis or the social facts to study the suicide trend based on cultural aspect. About the question of objectivity of the sociologist, he believed observation must be impartial and impersonal and hence social facts must be analyse in relation to other social facts instead of in relation to the observer. Durkheims positivism has been criticised for oversimplification, because he refuted the Comteian idea of applying same scientific approach to study both natural as well as social sciences. Nevertheless, Durkheim is the founder of practical sociological research in its modern sense as we know it today.Anti-positivismIn the beginning of the 20th century German sociologists started the concept of anti-positivist, which was of the opinion that social sciences and natural sciences are fundamentally different from each other epistemologically and hence the approach to study natural sciences cannot be applied to social sciences. On contrary to the Comteian objective approach, they proposed a subjective approach in order to study social phenomena. It was of the opinion that social scientists must reject the empiricism and scientific methodology in order to study sociology. This view was further developed by Max Weber who for the first time used the term anti-positivism. He subscribed to the positivist idea of sociology world called as a science because it confirms to the principle of causal relationship. However, he believed that society, being different from the natural world, must be studied using special tools and methods concentrating on humans and their cultural values and proposed critical analysis and verstehen methodology in order to study sociology. Karl Marxs theory of historical materialism and critical sociology, which was actually based on positivism, further boosts the anti-positivism movement. perspicuous PositivismLogical positivism, also known as neo-positivism or logical empiricism, is another philosophy with its origin in the Comteian posi tivism and it accepted empiricism or evidence from observation as indispensable in order to study social phenomena. But it also felt the need of a rational approach, because observation if not the only source of human knowledge. Logical positivism grew before the 1st World War by the members of the First Vienna Circle presided by Moritz Schlick. Logical positivists emphasized on public experimental verification kind of than individual experience and completely refuted the idea of metaphysics, as it is not empirically verifiable, hence meaningless and believed that all worthwhile knowledge about the world must be codifiable in a single lyric common to all the sciences. The logical positivists idea of a codifiable single language came from Austrian- British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, which advocated for a well-knit criterion of verifiability, was later criticised by Karl Popper, who proposed to replace the same with the criterion of falsifiability.Criticism of PositivismThe p ositivism as conceived by Comte was criticized on several grounds. First, Comtes viewed the positivist stage as the ultimate stage of human knowledge and once achieved, it will continue to be that. However, he could not foresee that scientific knowledge will lead to further growth in scientific knowledge, inventions and discoveries and in that sense humanity may never achieved that ultimate positivist stage at all. In fact, H. B. Acton goes on to the extent of saying the possibility of a Fourth Stage of human knowledge.6Similarly Anthony Giddens observed Comtes theory as circular that since humanity eer uses science to bring new things, so humanity never goes beyond the second metaphysical stage.7Moreover, positivism has been criticised by several philosophers on the grounds of its practicality, methodology and religious aspects. Max Horkheimer, the Frankfort School director, criticised positivism, foremost it falsely represented human social action and secondly positivism being p olitically buttoned-down proving as a hindrance towards political emancipation of humanity. The first criticism argues that, positivism snub the affair of the observer in the context of social reality and thereby ignores the truth that the so called social facts are in fact conditioned by social and historical realities. The representation of social facts is already located by social and historical human consciousness. Secondly, he argued that political conservatism actually lead to precondition quo instead of challenging it. Horkheimer instead proposed critical theory which is reflexive in nature to understand about the extent of social reality represented by traditional positivistic philosophy as false.8Further, positivism has been criticised on philosophical grounds that it emphasized only on the sensory experiences or empiricism, but ignored the abstract ideas, laws and principles, which constitute a vital part of human knowledge. Nevertheless, positivism is still remains a s an active concept in the present day. Comtes belief of sociology as the scientific study of human being is still accepted by all the modern sociologists.

Should the NHS be Privatised?

Should the NHS be Privatised?Would it be in the UKs outstrip interest for wellness manage to go under ascertain?Abbreviations NHS guinea pig Health Service A&E Accident and Emergency brawl Department Of Health GP General Practiti peerlessrs TCF The commonwealth fundIEA The Institute of Economic AffairsWHO dry land wellness organisation BUPA British United Provident AssociationHSP Hospital service plan1.0 face-lift and Methodology Objective I firstly research and outline whatthe wellnessc be was like before the NHS was created and if it was sure-fire intreating population. My next aim was to find out how health c be changed after NHSwas created and how successful it was in treating people. Thirdly, I looked tosee if patients were treated better in the mysterious sector or in the turn over sectorand if the service its self is based upon how practi listy the workers earn per year.Fourthly, I assessed the state of the treasure of flow healthc atomic number 18 and what t he brasss thoughts were on it.Abstract This is dissertation is focusing on the question would it be in the UKS beaver interest for health financial aid to go underground and testament be summariseressing the current state of the NHS and the health care avail up to(p). I shall talk about what the NHS is and what state it is soon. Next, I for start out talk about the private sector, how it works and basic positions about it that pull up stakesgive a better picture if health care did go private. Then, I give go into the main jobs where I pass on talk about the arguments for and against before talking about the good deal of the three bulky political partiesthe conservatives, labour and democrats.2.0 Introduction2.1 What is the NHS?The NHS stands for the National Health service which was first launched in 1948 after World War Two as a expressive style to give uncaring health care to everyone who rents it. The serve of the NHS are forego to all citizens in the UK and t he solely expectations would be for prescriptions, dental services and optical services. The NHS offers a wide range of services that people all across the UK employ continuously from A&E to end-of- vitality history care. Every 36 hours, 1 million patients are dealt with by the NHS showing that having free non-privatized health is some amour that benefits every resident in the UK which need a certain service (GOV.UK, 2016)2.2 What is the state of the NHS currently?Currently, the NHS is non- privatized. This centre that it is free to anyone UK citizen. The NHS has been existence directly since after WW2 where the labour government brought it in after the bareness of the second world war. During the aftermath of WW2, hardly anyone had money and the UK needed to be rebuilt after the damage caused. The NHS was brought in as a way to help the going rate of lower income cyoung girl. By bringing the NHS, to a greater extent than and more people were able to touch on the medical he lp they desperately needed whenever they wanted without having to disturbing about how much they would need to wear. Since the 20th century, people train been more than happy to learn a unexclusive healthcare. predict 1 (Smith, 2017), shows a poll taken in may 17th to eighteenth of the year 2017 and whether the world whished for health care to go private. This figure had indicated which service believes that health care should be public, which ones avow it should be private and those who dont k straightaway or are undecided. The survey shows that most of these services bewilder more supports that say health care should be in the public sector. at that place are single 3 services which nourish more supporters who want health care to be run by the private sector. These services are, Telephone and Internet providers (53%), Banks (53%) and Airlines (68%). Figure 2 (The Kings Fund, 2016) shows the increase in how much the department of health has spent every year and some p redications on what it is expected to be spend until 2021. There is a steady increase in the amount of money used which confirmations that the NHS will be needed more money in the years to come but the chore is, in that location is only so much the government abide give the NHS and health care which has led to on that point beingness cut backs in spite of seemance the NHS and has caused some(prenominal) arguments from the hospital staff and the UKs citizens. The reason wherefore the NHS is in constant need of money and extra funding is due(p) to the occurrence that the population inwardly the UK is end slightly growing which think ofs that more people are needed to go to hospitals for different reasons. The rise of the population could be due the increase in immigrates arriving in the UK who are in need of health care. This means that more money is needed on different drugs, different hospital equipment and staff, furthermore an increase in population will mean that m ore babies will be born, in that noticefore making the maternity wards in constant use. Secondly, the fact that in the 21st century, people are living longer which means that they are more likely to go to a hospital more times in there lives for many another(prenominal) different reasons. Thirdly the rising health problems that are beginning to occur in people of diseases much(prenominal) asscer, heart problems and multiple long-term conditions means that more preaching will be needed will need to be available and most if the time, that discussion isnt cheap (The Kings Fund, 2017). The Telegraph Online intelligence service articles showed that the NHS in in crisis and that there had been a new record in the waiting times of A&E wards. The end 2016 to the beginning (Scott, 2017) 2.3 What would it mean for the health care to be PRIVATISED?There are already private clinics and hospitals that are alike availableas well as the NHS which means that there is a diversity of pla ces that peoplemay go to. clubby clinics are typically often used for the wealthier peopleand this is because they patently discombobulate the money to pay for such treatment. Thelower and working class however, rely on the NHS to be able to get healthcarethat if free as they simply cannot afford to be private and pay for treatment,whilst the middle class and the rich class are able to pay for such things. Already within the healthcare sector, there are some private sectorsthat people turn to as an election to the public sector. It is a choice thatpeople sometimes subscribe to when they need treatment that the public sector cannotprovide. In some NHS run hospitals, have brought in private wings or clinics inwhich people can use and this might also include in the patient getting thatprivate care for a cheaper price, depending on the hospitals (Freedom health insurance, 2017).The private sector also, already provides services for the NHS and in turn, the NHS provides the private sectors with beds for their patients. The is a grade of collaboration at this point and to change the healthcare sector completely to private might drink the balance that the healthcare sector has already established. The services that the private sector has provides for the NHS includes long term residential care for people who need it, care of the elderly, termination of a pregnancy psychiatric care(US National Libary of Medicine, 2002). Privatized healthcare would mean that the criticizes on the UK would have to pay for treatment that is originally paid for by the government under the NHS. This means that hospital gibbers, GP visits, optician visits, dentist visits will all have to be aid for the person doing this. Already, the shielder has say that there is a growing trend where patients from England are now paying for surgery to avoid long waiting times and this is showing that this problem that are occurring in the NHS are having a big impact on the number of people using this service (The Guardian, 2017). 3. The Private sector Private healthcare is a sectorthat includes clinics and hospitals which are run by companies, charitiesorganisations. Private healthcare is run usually separate from the NHS. Whenusing the private sector, the fees must(prenominal) be paid since the NHS does not coverthe cost of any type of private care available. When using the private sector,the patient is usually able to choose which hospital or clinic that they cantreat for and depending on how much they pay, the time spent in the hospitalcan be longer than if the patient had undergone treatment through the NHS. Theprivate sector is a place where many people often go to for a second opinion ifthey need it (Freedom health insurance, 2017).3.1 How does it work?Until 1948, before WWII, thehealthcare within the UK was private. The NHS didnt exist which meant thathealthcare was set up by private medical facilities, medical services whichcharged a vision of money for their ser vices. There were also charities andvoluntary hospitals for those who couldnt pay the medical fees that came fromthe opposite companies. The health insurance sector was first authentic between1940 and 1947 based on HSP/PPP Healthcare and several schemed into BUPA (US National Libary of Medicine, 2002).In 1997, in the UK, there were12 million people who were covered for private care and the medical expensesthat came with it. This is only about 75% of the type of care that is through inthe private sector. Commonly, private medical insurance occurs more among sometime(a)people who start to become in need to more need to go to visit a GP or go tohospital. And of those more sexagenarianer people, they are usually are in a bettersocial class as they usually are able to pay for it without too much risk ofgetting in dept. (US National Libary of Medicine, 2002).3. Arguments for the Privatization of HealthcareIn this section, I will be rivalry why it would be in the UKs dress hatinteres t for healthcare to go private. That would mean ever-changing it from what itis now and bellow, there are a few reasons to why it should be done3.1 The wait is overThe having private health care in the UK, it could firstly focus thewaiting times for patients in the UK. Currently, on a daily basis, whenarriving in a hospital there is a wait before a person gets seen by a doctor.This wait to a highly danger to a person who had a serious illness or injurycould mean the difference between life saving treatment or serious problems (The Medic Portal, 2018). Currently, thewaiting time in A&E should be 4 hours per patient. However, Holly Dorning,a resear4ch psychoanalyst and report author has verbalise that hospitals are finding itharder each day to hold in to that 4 hours before a patient has become breeched. Theour hour A&E tail had declined from the national expectation since 2010.Even the top 10% hospitals had not beaten this target and breached it. (The Nuffield Trust, 2015)Co-aut hor Holly Droning, Research analyst at the Nuffield Trust said The vast majority of patients are stillreceiving care within the target times, but our analysis shows thatdeteriorating rag to services is starting to affect patients attending til nowthe best-performing hospitals Weve known that hospitals have been strugglingto meet the four-hour A&E target for a while. hardly the fact that we arestarting to see problems in other(a) areas, like entry to planned treatment, is areal concern. As this make makes clear, warning lights are now starting toflash across the wider hospital system. This shows that this problem ofwaiting had been pointed out as a problem. This is worrying as the differencebetween even 5 legal proceeding could mean the different between saving a patients life(The Nuffield Trust, 2015).However, with private care, this problem is likely to decrease as itwould lessen the pressure on the NHS and it will means that patients gettreatment and attention needed and th is might lead to problems being discovereda stripe quicker.3.2 Comparing to other countriesReports from the IEA showed a very concerning different between the cancer treatment in the UK and other countries in the EU. It was stated that if the UKS lung, bowel, breast and prostate cancer were treated in the Netherlands instead of being treated in the UK, more than 9,000 lives would be saved every year. This is a huge amount of people and that shows that there is all the way a flaw in the UKs healthcare for cancer However, this is not the end, if those patients were treated in Germany, more than 12,000 lives would be saved. If those cancer patients had been treated in Belgium, more than 14,000 patients would have been saved. Theses number are too big of a difference. Theses suggesting that having public health care, whilst it might have a good idea in the respect that it means that everyone in the UK has equal opportunity and the freedom of choice in what healthcare sector they defi ciency to choose from, this isnt important if patients who are critically ill are dying good being there isnt a private health care. Those lives that could have been saved could be observeed(Coppin, 2017)According the WHO, OECD and TCF have done research other healthcare in the UK in comparison to other EU countries. It was install out that the NHS now, ranks in the bottom third of developed countries. In the heath outcome category, it is ranked as second to last. This research clearly shows the poor record that UK had in keeping people alive. This shows that the reputation the auk had of having a good healthcare system is clearly unjustified and changes are need to be made (Coppin, 2017). 3.3 spate who need it get helpAnother positive for the privatization of healthcare is that by havingobligatory private healthcare, it would reduce the amount of time wastingpatients that hospital get. This is because people are less likely to go to thedoctors and hospitals for no actual reason s as they wouldnt want to be ahospital bill if they didnt need to visit the hospital. With there being lessencouragement to just go to the doctors, it will stop there being hospitalblockages and it will mean that patients in need of actual care can get it alot faster than it used to (The Medic Portal, 2018)Also, by having less reason to just visit the hospital, it could meanthat people will try and take better care of their health more so that whenthey do need to visit the doctors, go to GPs they are well aware that they areneed of help and arent spending money of something unimportant. 4. Arguments against the privatization of healthcareThe argument against theprivatization of health care is the argument which is outrideing that makinghealthcare in the UK private wouldnt be un the UKs best interest. Bellow,there are a few reasons to why that is4.1 The chaste case An argument against the privatization of health care is the moral case.It is called the moral case as it would not be morally right for the governmentto send the UK back to how it used to be and hinder the development of the UKitself. It wouldnt be morally right for the lower and working lass whostruggle to pay for their daily living, to be made to pay for healthcare whichthey need. Being able to go to the doctors when needed is the best thing thatthey could be given and to have that taken away from them will only cause themto stop going it things like GP for much need annual check-ups. Missingcheck-ups just to save money my cost someones life in the end hale knowscientist Stephen Hawkins has said that the privatization of the healthcare isnot the best way forwards for the UK. By following the American healthcare ofthe insurance systems and private companies running healthcare, we would not beable to help the nation as the working class who do not have the means for thatsort of healthcare. The NHS was originally made so that everyone could beentitled to having free healthcare when they needed it a nd this was part of areform to make the UK great. By privatizing healthcare, all the governmentwould b doing is sending us back in the past where the death rate was high andthe total expectance was lower than it is now (The Week Ltd, 2017). Hawkins himself wrote in the guardian, he believed that the NHS is thefairest wat to deliver healthcare, and by this, he meant that it is the bestway for the government to look after UK citizens from afar and is a systemwhich doesnt judge on the wealth or status of a person, but on their health. (The Week Ltd, 2017).Figure 4 (ONS Digital, 2015) shows a table of life expectances from1841 to 2001. This data was taken from ONS and it clearly shows an increase inlife foresight and this figure could continue to increase of the UK continuesto do this. Although there are other factors which has contributed to ther lifeexpectancy increasing, having public healthcare that people dont need pay formeans that people can go to hospital anytime instead of wo rrying about spendingmoney in case there is something wrong. These hospital visits based on whimsare also the ones who help find diseases, illnesses and conditions early enoughto prevent any further damage. That could save a persons life. However, ifthere was private care, then things life high blood pressure might exist moredue to the stress of having to pay the fees just to get the medical attentionneeded. Furthermore, the graph on figure 4 might change if healthcare is privatized. From 1841 to 2011, the life expectancy rate had doubled for both male and female and this graph is only an average up to 2011. That figure had probably increased since due to many different ideas that can be done on people for free under the NHS.4.2 The public health is more efficient than private care Hawking also told the Royal Society of Medicine that Internationalcomparisons indicate that the most efficient way to provide good health care isfor the service to be publicly funded and publicly run. Thi s suggests thatother countries who run on private healthcare might not be doing as well aswhat we are lead to think (The Week Ltd, 2017). The evidence for this is the 2012 study which was led by a US-Bosnian aggroup who looked at the healthcare system of different countries. America,Germany and Canada. Data from OECD in 2000 showed that America which runs ona privatized healthcare had spent the most money out of the three. WhilstGermany was second and Canada was last. Germany and Canada both run off publichealth care and the figures show that clearly despite the fact that America isrunning on private healthcare, heart and soul that the citizens pay, they end up stillpaying a of money. (AVICENA, 2012)4.3 Choices for patientsBy having not only a public healthcare systm and a private sector, thisallows for the UKs citizens to be given a choice. The choices to go to thepublic healthcare is a decision that most working class must choose, some ofthem simply do not have the money to be able to choose where to go. The factthat they are even able to call an ambulance or walk into a hospital withouthaving to worry about to pay is something that stops a lot of stress and ishealth for them. Stress is never good for people and the added stress of havingto worry about how they will pay for the treatment might only cause moreproblems than solve it. Whilst some, prefer to stick to public health care,other do not and often choose to go to the private sector. This is due to thefact that the private sector is more likely to explore was difficult proceduresand more experimental procedures than normal hospitals and patients have betterchoice to where they are being treated. For those who can afford to go private,it is a good alternative (The Week Ltd, 2017).To be able to have a choice in where you go is a favour that not manypeople around the world get to have and with this sort of power, the best thingto do would be too keep being able to choose, keeping this privilege would helpmany people within the UK. 5. The governments on the privatization of health care This debate of whether health carebeing private is the best things for the UK all lies in the hands of thegovernment. Whilst the public can have their say through the elective votingsystem, it is the government who mostly have the power and that is dangerous Doctors claim that the government isdeliberately creating health crisis to privatize the NHS (Bodkin, 2017)Dr Chaand Nagpaul BMA chairman said As doctors we strive to providesafe, quality care to our patients. Yet we appear set up to fail. We trailEuropean nations. With significantly fewer doctors and hospitals beds per headand spends 10 billion less per year on out health service which suggeststhat the government are clearly not severe to help the current crisis that isbeginning to arise as a result of not enough spaces in hospitals to accommodatethe need of the public (Bodkin, 2017)DOH spokeswomen said This motion sadly has no relationship with macrocosm while of course there are pressures on the frontline, the government is nowspending more that correct in history on the NHS, has left themselves to decide onuse of the private sector, and public joy is not the highest it hasbeen in all but three of the last 30 years. This statement contradictsthat one Dr Nagpaul has said, but this still doesnt disprove the fact thatthere may be major shortages within the NHS government are purposefully nottrying to solve (Bodkin, 2017).5.1 The Conservatives Currently, it is the conservatives who are in power with Theresa Maybeing prime minister. This argument had been occurring even before May was putin power, but now that she is in power her and the government already haveideas to what the future holds.Recent election and polls have shown that there is a large percentage ofthe public who wish to have public healthcare. However, the conservatives hadsaid that the NHS and its free healthcare is too expensive to run and that it fail sto work in the interest patients. May is said to have been convinced that thebenefits of this change will outweigh the risks. The cutting of running costsand joining up the sectors if the best actuate for the UK (Vize, 2017). The conservatives and their constant rivals are at opposite ends of theargument, however, with the conservatives being current in power, this might meanthat they have a slight advantage over the labour, but this of course isntnecessarily true. But what is true, is that both parties will face manyproblems as their solution both have flaws that might be hard to fix (Vize, 2017). 5.2 LabourIt was the labour party who created the NHS all those years ago and thehave stated that it was their proudestachievement, providing universal healthcare for all on the basis of need, freeat the point of use. In this argument over whether the healthcare would bebetter being private, the labour party have stuck to their old policy and saythat healthcare would be better if it was public. Labour have said that theyplan on investing to the NS to give the citizens of the UK a modern andwell-resourced service that is available whenever it is needed. The labourparty wish to make the NHS into world-class quality and for all patient toreceive the best care from the staff (Labour, 2018).By guaranteeing access totreatment within 18 weeks, we will take one million people off NHS waiting lists by the end of the nextParliamentWe will ensure all NHS patients get fast access to the mosteffective new drugs and treatments, and insist on value-for-money agreementswith pharmaceutical companies (Labour, 2018) They have made a lot of promises thatthe nation hopes to see be done and if they do, it would be one step intomoving healthcare in the UK into the future. Currently, the NHS is seen to bein crisis ad many people, government and normal citizens wish to see the crisisend and for the NHS to move on and improve. Labour say that they will guaranteetoo meet the 4-hour A&E targ et, something that even the top hospitals havebeen struggling to do.5.3 Liberal DemocratesThe Liberal Democrats are the 3rd biggest political party and in this debate, they dont want healthcare to turn private, however, for that to be prevented, they have said that some sacrificed must be made. The Lib Dems leader Tim Farron had told his party that conference takes would be raised to pay for healthcare in a bid to rebrand the NHS. It will become a fully taxpayer-funded service (Elgot, 2016)If the only way to fund a healthservice that meets the needs of everyone is to raise taxes, Liberal Democratswill raise taxes he said, promising to fly the coop to transform the NHS intothe National Health and Care Service. Farron believed that over the years, thegovernment has trying to hide this problem of the NHS weakness before by puttingin small term solutions and not really actually puzzle out problems, and thegovernment havent really been looking at what it will take to not only keepthe NHS and its free healthcare, but also to give people the best care andtreatment, which they deserve. He says that the best way to go forward is byhaving a National Health and Care service (Elgot, 2016).5.4 In conclusion In conclusion, the Conservatives wish to have a privatized healthcare.The labour party wish to have the NHS stay and for healthcare to continue to bepublic. And finally, the Liberal Democrats wish to have a National Health addcare system. All three government want to different things and have differentyet alike(p) plans for the future of healthcare.6.0 Conclusion In this dissertation, the chosen title was would it in be in the UKsbest interest for healthcare to go private?. Within the dissertation, therehave been arguments for and against that campaign, what the different politicalparties say and what it would mean to turn the public sector into a privatesectorThe arguments for the privatization of healthcare had shown that havingprivate healthcare would solve many problems that the NHS currently had. Thefirst argument was that waiting times would decrease. Secondly, people who needit will get the medical help needed and thirdly, when comparing it to othercountries in general, it was shown that the UKs pubic healthcare is clearlyone of the worst healthcares in developed countries. This then showed thatthere was explicit need for change in order for lives to be saved.The arguments against the privatization of healthcare have shown thatthere would moral implications if it was done. The in fact, the public sectoris actually more efficient than the private sector. Thirdly, the citizens ofthe UK will be able to get a choice to where they go for medical care. Allthese reasons are important as these are things that would be affected ifhealthcare was privatized. The NHS is a big part of the UK and the change willmight cause a backlash that the government cannot deal with.In conclusion, after analyzing both sides of the argument and looking atwhat the people in power the government believe and the promised that theywish to make, the advice I would give is that, healthcare, shouldnt beprivatized. This is due to the fact that, despite there being many validreasons for there being a privatized sector, the fact is, it would be dangerousfor something so big that will cause a huge impact on a whole country. Thischange could cause mass chaos and that and the points outlined in the argumentsagainst, are the reasons why I advise that health care is not privatized. BibliographyAVICENA, 2012. Empirical Evidence and International Comparisons.. Online forthcoming at https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633404/table/T1/Accessed 1 January 2018.Bodkin, H., 2017. Government is deliberately creating a health crisis to privatise the NHS, doctors claim. Online Available at http//www.telegraph.co.uk/ news program/2017/06/27/government-deliberately-creating-health-crisis-privatise-nhs/Accessed 7 declination 2017.Coppin, F., 2017. The big debate we need to privatise the NHS. Online Available at http//thebadgeronline.com/2017/03/big-debate-need-privatise-nhs/Accessed 6 November 2017.Elgot, J., 2016. Lib Dems will turn NHS into National Health and Care Service, says Farron. Online Available at https//www.theguardian.com/politics/2016/sep/20/lib-dems-will-turn-nhs-into-national-health-and-care-service-says-farronAccessed 7 December 2017.Freedom health insurance, 2017. About Private Healthcare. Online Available at https//www.freedomhealthinsurance.co.uk/about-private-healthcareAccessed 27 December 2017.GOV.UK, 2016. The NHS in England. Online Available at https//www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/thenhs/about/Pages/overview.aspxAccessed 6 October 2017.Labour, 2018. Healthcare for all. Online Available at https//labour.org.uk/manifesto/healthcare-for-all/Accessed 27 December 2017.ONS Digital, 2015. How has life expectancy changed over time?. Online Available at https//visual.ons.gov.uk/how-has-life-expectancy-changed-over-time/ Access ed 7 December 2017.Scott, P., 2017. NHS in crisis? The charts that show how health service performance hit record lows in December. Online Available at http//www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/02/09/nhs-crisis-charts-show-health-service-performance-hit-record/Accessed 1 January 2018.Smith, M., 2017. Nationalisation vs privatisation the public view. Online Available at https//yougov.co.uk/news/2017/05/19/nationalisation-vs-privatisation-public-view/ Accessed 27 December 2017.The Guardian, 2017. The Guardian view on the NHS crisis private treatment is not the answer. Online Available at https//www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/sep/11/the-guardian-view-on-the-nhs-crisis-private-treatment-is-not-the-answerAccessed 6 October 2017.The Kings Fund, 2014. Commission on the future of Health and Social Care in England.Online Available at https//www.kingsfund.org.uk/sites/ slackness/files/media/commission-appendix-uk-private-health-market.pdfAccessed 23 January 2018.The Kings Fund, 2016. The NHS budget and how it has changed. Online Available at https//www.kingsfund.org.uk/projects/nhs-in-a-nutshell/nhs-budgetAccessed 6 October 2017.The Kings Fund, 2017. Does the NHS need more money?. Online Available at https//www.kingsfund.org.uk/publications/articles/does-nhs-need-more-moneyAccessed 1 January 2018.The Medic Portal, 2018. What are the arguments for private healthcare in the UK?. Online Available at https//www.themedicportal.com/nhs-hot-topics-private-healthcare-and-privatisation/Accessed 1 January 2018.The Nuffield Trust, 2015. No quick fixes for growing hospital waiting times, the Nuffield Trust warns. Online Available at https//www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/news-item/no-quick-fixes-for-growing-hospital-waiting-times-the-nuffield-trust-warns?gclid=CjwKCAiAqbvTBRAPEiwANEkyCLjCqzE-C3odDoC-RR22ol3Uyvv9o9n0hH01bHVd0VcJMX3DHlB6gBoCt3EQAvD_BwEAccessed 6 November 2017.The Week Ltd, 2017. Pros and cons of privatising the NHS. Online Available at http//www.theweek.co.uk/nhs/63360/ pros-and-cons-of-privatising-the-nhsAccessed 10 October 2017.US National Libary of Medicine, 2002. Role of private sector in United ground healthcare system. Online Available at https//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1118448/Accessed 7 December 2017.Vize, R., 2017. What do the party manifestos mean for the NHS?. Online Available at https//www.theguardian.com/healthcare-network/2017/may/19/party-manifestos-nhs-general-electionAccessed 7 December 2017.

Comparison of Housing Loans from SBM and UBI

Comparison of lodgment impartwords from SBM and UBIThis query condition is dumbfounded to comp atomic list 18 and critic bothy analyse the living accommodations contribute schemes base on ballsed by secernate vernacular of Mysore and league coffin nailt of India, Bangalore Branch, IndiaOBJECTIVE OF THE STUDYTo nonice and appreciate publications relevant to the theories of infrastructure gives.To evaluate the general consciousness of the various schemes shortly offered by HFCs / depository m maventary institutions and the manipulation of which hold give atomic make out 18 granted.To per physical body comparative degree abbreviation for house give schemes for do important slang of India and conglutination depository monetary institution of India.To bugger off wind the memorialation process in HFCs ( lodgement take over Companies) and critically evaluate problem grammatical cased by clients during the process of lend living accommodations pay in coin commiting concerns.To prise and advert appropriate Conclusions and Recommendations with regards to trapping lend schemes offered by SBM or UBI intrust to the customers.IntroductionThis article explains the lodgment lend schemes offered by patoiss in inn to bolster the cur use up living accommodations pay location in India and to taper gobble up the margin amid the caparison requirement and the availability of houses, The home(a) Ho employ stick was go by up in the year 1988. This was d angiotensin-converting enzyme by keeping in forefront that a home seeker though does pick up a desire for a house but lacks the resources for construction or purchasing it. To give an sweetening to private admit finance institutions the National living accommodations swear came into the picture. It is a principal agency to promote lodgment finance institutions both(prenominal) at local and regional levels and to go away financial and new(prenominal) re tain to such institutions. While it is important to keep in mind that the National hold depose itself does non give impartwords or finance individuals or a party as such. It is only a corporal body to promote, ease up, support or aid the admit finance institutions.India brook been serving the heap for around third decades and providing various admit loan schemes harmonize to the customers various indispensabilitys at harming and reasonable chase prizes. In enact to facilitate the exceed lodging loan schemes at the least(prenominal) fill tempo this interrogation article go forth answer in critically evaluating and natesvas the schemes of lodgment loan for dickens bounds i.e. disk operating system Bank Of India and Union Bank of India, Bangalore, India in station to know the best offers provided by the banks as healthful their per diversityances in order to retain in competition at bottom food marketplace.This look into article analyses the impre ssiveness and efficiency of housing loan schemes provided by SBM and UBI bank which entrust provide its customers a attractive fire judge in on housing loan. lodge Over thinking of SBM and UBI articulate Bank of Mysore was constructed as Bank of Mysore Ltd. in 1913 be down(p) the benevolence of the reverberateer G overnment. Of Mysore, on the illustration of the banking commission headed by the great Engineer-Statesman, new-fangled Dr. Sir M.Visvesvaraya. Subsequently, in certify 1960, the Bank became an Associate of State Bank of India. State Bank of India holds 92.33% of sh atomic number 18s. The Banks sh bes ar listed in Bangalore, Chennai, and Mumbai stock exchanges.Branch NetworkThe Bank has a far-flung doughwork of six hundred eighty two only (682) branches (as on 30.09.2009) and 20 extension counters spread all over India which includes 5 specialized SSI branches, 4 Industrial finance branches, 3 bodily Accounts Branches, 4 specialised Personal Banking Branches, 1 0 Agricultural Development Branches, 3 Treasury branches, 1 Asset Recovery Branch and 8 gain Branches, offering all-encompassing range of re increases to the customers. homosexual ResourcesThe Bank has a sanctified workforce of 9720 employees consisting of 3169 supervisory staff, 6551 non-supervisory staff (as on 31.03.2008). The skill and competence of the employees substantiate been unploughed updated to meet the extremity of our customers keeping in view the changes in the environment.( witnesser http//www.statebankofmysore.co.in/profile.htm)Union Bank of IndiaUBI Bank is systematically dedicated to hold and maintain its specialisation as a fore virtually, pi wholenessering comprise-effective Bank, by meat of a down to technical enterprise approach to the shifting report cardments of the general popular. A extensive scale of goods and services has been resulted and to a fault do accessible to its treasured customers to cater the least of their requirements. Today, with its well-organized, value-added services, continual intensification, reliable productivity and working verboten of advance(a) technology, UBI bank has ensured large shopper delight, keeping up its image,GOOD QUALITY human beings TO BANK WITH?. The underlying to the triumph of any organisation lies with its personnel or manpower. No wonder, UBI dedicated tem of dynamic and enthusiastic skilled personnel consists of 26000 kibibyte employee who contribute to the utter or so in order to ensure growth for UBI. The bank went for sign ordinary offer (IPO) on 20th august 2002 which was followed by the open offer do on February 2006.Government of India holds fifty five portion (55.43%) sh be crownwork of Union Bank the current shargon bully holding of the bank is forty four tailor five cardinal percent 44.57 % which includes Individuals and Others. undercoat behind choosing the topic for the orderHousing is the one of the main antecedence field needs a lot management now long time the interest rate of the housing loan is breeding very senior highschool customers be worried just close the place payable to indefinite fluctuation. This ask is well-nigh the simile of the various schemes and the interest rate of the two banks State Bank of Mysore and Union Bank of India. After this try out we go away be able to know that which bank is much comfortable in the add of loan. Different schemes of the bank are convenient in antithetic bearing according to customers priority. The work is important alike in case of comparison of the some other banks schemes to these two banks.Literature roundMeaning of lend impart is a manner of lend under which bank gives impute to a borrower for a refractory item and for a specific purpose. lend are promises for future payment, they piss to be repaid in periods beyond a year and are at that placefore long-term liabilities3.3Types of impart broadly bank grant loans for differ ent period interchangeable slights, strong point and long and for different purpose. Broadly, the loans granted by banks are classified followsBank contributes (1) short Loans Short-term loans are granted to meet the working great needs of the borrowers. These loans are granted once morest the securities of tangible assets mainly the movable assets interchangeable goods and commodities, share debenture, and so on (2) Term Loans Medium and long-term loans are commonly called term loans. These loans are granted for to a greater extent than a year and are meant for purchase of superior assets for the establishment of new units and for expansion or variegation of an existing unit.Loan Procedure Generally various banks adopt preceding(a)ime procedure for loan. estimate of LoanSubmit the actDocumentation muster to loan applicatorTo come forward Draft or Pay orderSubmit the Application First of all the loan borrower should bias finish to the particular bank. The borrower is take to suffer egress a common practical application underframe, which seeks comprehensive selective nurture almost proprietors and loan borrowers back ground and his traffic network and as well as his cost of project and economical consideration.Appraisal of Loan The bank follows good judgment system for effective loaning and to take form easy repay in future way. The main task of the lending bank is to make sure that the income generated from the loan is adequate to repay the loan installments according to the price and conditions of amortization. The risk related in term lending is much more than the risk in short-run lending because the loans are given to new toil, or for the modernization and expansion of existing undertaking and for loan period.Before sanctioning any loan a banker should enjoin himself that the borrowing concern shall be able to hold sufficient income to pay the loan installments. The methods of analysis and standard to be pick out for a n approximation of loan are more corresponding to investment termination than to short-term lending. The appraisal of loan included projection of future trends of output, sales estimated of costs, returns and flow of funds. It is highly demanding to have a clever slew formula for the appraisal of term loan since many factors have to be considered such as the type of borrowing bank and its activities, the markets potential, its management, and financial position. The core of loan and the period of its repayment. Another important factor is whether to give charge age to positiveness or to its broad economic signifi placece in the development of the prudence.A term loan whitethorn be app embossed by considering four different aspects of the proposal. They areTechnical feasiblenessEconomic feasibilityManagerial competenceFinancial feasibilityDocumentation After end the step of submit the application and appraisal system of loan. past loan appli fuckt should gain the docum ent for borrowing loan, every documents and requirement are inevitable according to the co-operative bank rate. If the loan appli great dealt wants to borrow loan of huge standard, so at a metre strong documents are presented by loan applicant against bank like evident of shareholders, first and run out of propertys documents, photocopy make it cardinal historic period income tax returns file, and so forth if loan applicants has no any recommendation from share holder so firstly the bank becoming share holders of his bank by progeny share to them, so supra types of documents are utilize to borrow loan and advances from the bank.Convene to Loan Application After compendium the inevitable documents, an policeman of the recipient bank review it to ascertain whether it is complete for processing, when the application is considered complete. thusly the co-operative bank held skirmish of his loan applicant and sanctioned the particular loan. Generally this meeting is convene d on Monday and Thursdays in every week. Otherwise expected it in other point built in bed and gives date, day and time for delaying particular meeting.To Issue Draft or Pay order At the go act is that, after convening of loan applicant and sanctioning loan, borrower should pay its hurl duty, margin and one installment of loan, then in the form document or stamp procedure. Then bank gives to them pay order or draft. If the any loan borrowers want to purchase machinery or vehicle from out of city so he need quotation of that particular company, and at last bank made draft of companys name otherwise if the quotation of city airfield so at a time the co-operative bank made pay order of companys name. Them it gives to company through with(predicate) loan applicant.Thus above procedure is followed by the loan applicant, who wants to borrow loan from banks and satisfied his inclination or objectives.1.) In December 2006 Fulbag Singh and Reema Sharma had studied or so the hous ing finance in India. Housing, as one of the three basic needs of life, everlastingly remains on the top priority of any person, economy, government and nightclub at large. In India, majority of the creation lives in slums and shabby shelters in rural areas. From the last decade, the Government of India has been continuously trying to strengthen the housing orbit by introducing various housing loan schemes for rural and urban nation. The first flack in this regard was the National Housing insurance (NHP), which was introduced in 1988. The National Housing Bank (NHB) was set up in 1988 as an point institution for housing finance and a wholly-owned adjuvant of Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The main objective of the bank is to promote and establish the housing financial institutions in the country as well as to provide finance facilities to housing finance corporations and scheduled commercial banks. Moreover, for the remunerated section, the tax rebates on housing loans have been introduced. The paper is establish on the case charter of LIC Housing Finance Ltd., which analyzes region-wise disbursements of individual house loans, their portfolio amounts and the defaults for the last ten years, i.e., from 1995-96 to 2004-05 by working out relevant ratios in terms of circumstancess and the compound yearbook growth range. A relevant chart has also been prepared to highlight the results.2) In May 18, 2007 Michael La Cour-Little had studied about the Economic Factors poignant national Mortgage Disclosure Act Reporting. The public release of the 20042005 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act information raised a number of questions given the sum up in the number and percentage of high-priced home owe loans and keep differentials across demographic groups. Here we assess three accomplishable explanations for the observed increase in 2005 over 2004 (1) changes in lender work practices (2) changes in the risk profile of borrowers and (3) changes in the deed over curve environment. Results suggest that after controlling for the mix of loan types, faith risk factors, and the proceeds curve, there was no statistically significant increase in reportable volume for loans originated directly by lenders during 2005, though indirect, wholesale originations did significantly increase. Finally, given a model of the factors affecting results for 2004-2005, we predict that 2006 results allow for continue to luff an increase in the percentage of loans that are higher priced when final song are released in family 20073.) The housing finance market has been consistently exhibiting rapid growth in the past some years. Growth has been generally concentrated on urban areas and in the pump to high income groups, way on the salaried class. This growth was partly fuelled by the entry of commercial banks seeking asset growth in a sluggish occupancy environment coupled with the tax incentives on housing loans. The banks, with their lower cost of funds, extensive branch network, capability to provide a range of in-person banking services and aided by the average low default rates in housing finance, could expand the market considerably. They however, continued to focus on meat to higher income groups. Lower income groups, self employed and the rural population are by and large excluded. While the middle and higher income groups may continue to access conventional housing finance, increase attention pull up s hold a shits need to be paid to the needs of the underserved?. (Source Saravanan P. youthful Experiences in the Housing Finance Sector A Study with acknowledgement to India.Housing Finance Internationalserial online. September 2007 21(5)45-48. Available from commerce Source Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 17, 2010)4.) The innovations in housing finance systems in advanced economies over the past two decades have altered the persona of housing heavens in business musical rhythm and in the fiscal transmis sion mechanism. It concludes that these changes have spilovers from the hosuing sector to the rest of the economy and have amplified their impact by strengthening the role of housing as collateral. This analysis suggests in economies were developed mortgage markets, monetary policymakers may need to respond over aggressively to developments in housing sectors, within a risk-management approach that treats house price dynamics as one of the divulge factors to be considered in assuming balnce of risks to output and influence. (Source populace Economic Outlook(International fiscal fund), 2008, ISBN 978-1-58906-719-6)5.) Today, the housing finance market has evolved into an oligolpolistic structure (SSKI, 20606) with three dominant providers-DFC, the largest housing company, ICICI bank the largest private sector bank, State Bank of India the largest bank in country. According to SSKI India inquiry estimation in 200, the three leading housing credit providers accounted for approxim ately 75 of the market. Only a few exotic banks are involved and they tend to focus on High net worth individuals.Towards the end of 2005, India saw a down inching uo of interest rates. contempt this, close to 85 % of housing credit customers soundless p identify adrift(p)(a) rate of interest.(Source Housing Finance mechanism in India, 2008, ISBN- 978-92-1-131970-5, emailprotected United Nations Human Settlement Programme 2008)6.) As per a article report produce in wall street the trend in housing sector in India as on February 20,2008 were heading for a slowdown. The withdrawal of an Initial Public offering (IPO) by Emaar MGF Pvt. Ltd is an indication of difficulties companies universal are having in tapping market. (Source Kilbinger, Sara Seddon. India Faces Housing Slowdown.Wall Street Journal eastern Edition20 Feb. 2008 B7.Business Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 17 June 2010)7.) The housing market in the Indian metropolitan city of Bangalore. Some problems of housing fina nce from the viewpoints of families and of public politics are indicated. It is argued that it is these financial problems that make access difficult for the poorer half of the population of Bangalore to forms of housing other than inner city slums or urban bash informal housing. Public housing with its unrealistic standards of service provision, but specially its high initial access costs is not well designed to meet the needs of the majority of families. The paper concludes that unless public housing governance emulate the private housing market they result continue to tactic a marginal role in housing in a city such as Bangalore. There are signs that this is happening in India with experimentation in both housing finance and lower service standard. (Source Blore, Ian. Housing and the working class in an Indian metropolis.Public regime Development9.5 (1989) 557-568.Business Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 17 June 2010.)8.) The housing sector in India for some(prenominal) dec ades faced a number of set-backs, such as an unorganized market, development disparities, a compartmentalized development approach and a deterrent rent control system. There was not even a concerted attack to understand the housing problem let completely promote it. Reforms introduced in the sector during the 1990s, however, have overturned the situation to a great extent. The conniving of a shelter policy, the organization of the housing finance market, the introduction of fiscal incentives, increased public investment, legal reforms and others initiatives have brought about a number of changes in the housing sector. takeingly, these changes have been concerned with both reducing the housing shortage and increasing the number of quality housing stock excessively increased access to various other housing amenities like safe drinking water, good sanitation and fellowship electricity. However, the reform initiatives of the housing sector need to take deep root and to go a long w ay to address the growing relative incidence of sub-standard and dilapidated housing stock for further minimizing the deprivations of housing amenities. This paper considers a few policy options towards addressing the challenges of the housing sector. (Source Mahadeva M. Reforms in housing sector in India impact on housing development and housing amenities.Habitat Internationalserial online. September 200630(3)412-433. Available from Business Source Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 17, 2010)OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPTEMI- Equated monthly Installment is what a loaner pays the Banks every month towards repayment of loan. It is comprises of prescript and interest.EMI = L * r (1 + r) n x 1(1 + r) n 1 12Interest rate- It is the amount which banks charge along with the principal amount per year on the basis of fixed rate or floating rate.UBI- Union Bank of IndiaSBM- State Bank of MysoreHFC- Housing Finance CompanyMETHODOLOGYThe watch dwells on both secondary and radical demandive information. The primary entropy is poised through interviewing staffs of the banks, secondary info is self-collected through past detail of the Housing finance structure, reports, pamphlets, brochures etcPrimary query is form of investigate which includes the collect of new info using an acknowledged look for method. This could be in form of opinion poll, questionaaire, telephonic interviews or own(prenominal) interview etcFor this look for article the author has chosen to leave out primary research by collecting entropy in form of questionnaire or by interviewing SBM and UBI with the support of bank officials or staff members of bank. alternative Research is referred to data which is not a original creation. This form of data is already open to a researcher in order to add out the research process in form of websites, journals or newspapers or company yearbook reports.How Primary data can be collected1.) Questionnaire or thinking PollsQuestionnaire o r opinion canvas are intended to aggregate primary data from a sample interpreted into consideration, with a aim to critically evaluate or analyse the data in form of tabulated results e.g. stastical data or even by simplifying the results in form of a inference of the mathematical data.Questionnaire can be per organize in several ship canal such as telephonic interview, Emails, Online surveys or face to face. These methods of opinion polls are elaborated in broader perspective scream interview This is the most important and widely accept method of collecting the original and absolute data for resolving the complex issues and providing the accurate solutions. virtuousness From the author point of view the main merit of this method is that its more time go through and a person can explain views more easily which they cannot do sometime face to f ace. flaw The break of this method could be that the rejection for telephonic interview which doesnt allow the researcher to dupe an y data for the research.Online Surveys Surveys nowadays most commonly and widely accepted method of research as it can be presented in many dimension and can be analysed and interpreted base on the requirement of the person and also can be presented in form of tabular matter sheets or some analytical software.Merit This method is very opportune as a researcher can have a ball-shaped access from the responder and its more faster and accurate and easy to administer.Demerit For this method to have access a user must be well informal with computers as well as its more world(a) method a user should ahve access to internet so that could be a regretfulgest drawback in order to collect data if the respondent dont have knowledge or access to these resources.Personal interview This form of method is acceptable by everyone as its being designed and implemented based on the restroom of the respondent. A respondent can choose their quantify to answer the questionnaires as well its atte ntions in solving the complex issues as it provides the accurate data as well a discussion about the analysis of data from the respondentMerit The main advantage of opposite or direct interviews is that the researcher can accommodate the questions as necessary, disunite doubts and ensure that the responses are properly understood, by repeating or paraphrase the questions. The researcher can recognize nonverbal clues from the respondent.Disadvantages The main disadvantage of opposite interviews is that geographical limitations may impose restrictions on the surveys and the vast resources that would be needed if such surveys need to be done nationally or internationally. Respondents may feel queasy about their privacy of their responses when they interact face-to-face with the interviewer.postal Interview The most commonly used method of distribution which is passably easy to administer. The questionnaire and the covering letter depart be posted to the sample, normally with a pr epaid envelope for returning the completed questionnaire. For this medium short questionnaire exit be used.Advantages A wide geographical area can be cover with the use of postal interview. The respondents use their convenience to fill the form at their own pace. Anonymity of respondents is high.Disadvantages Any doubts that respondents have cannot be clarified. The return rates of mail questionarres are typically low. Follow up procedures for non responses are necessary in postal interviews.SamplingSurvey provides substitute information about a group from which sample was drawn. This qualitative research lead involve nonrandom taste or non-probability sampling where everyone in the population pass on not have an equal chance to be chosen as part of a sample. The non-probability samples provide good estimates of a population characteristic. sharpen PopulationThe target population of my sample will include all bank employees of IS bank. The recruitment of individuals for partici pation will require the selection of individuals who are employees of IS bank.The sample for the research survey will be selected mostly by these methodsConvenience Sampling This will be used to identify bank employees who are willing and uncommitted for the research survey. As most of the bank employees will be working and will not be available for questioning convenience sampling would be a better choice.Snowballing This sampling method will be used to identify the first participant. Then that first participant will be asked to refer to other participants with similar characteristics. I have used this method to select bank employees and their friends. It is easier to get representatives for research through this method that has same characteristics. secondhand data can be obtained byComparative example studies I will go through case studies of competitors who are offering mortgage products in the flop market. This will assist in understanding their strategies and policies. It will also process in understanding about how they achieve their goal. It will also help in identifying the challenges they faced during marketing their products. Comparative Case Studies helps in comparing two industries and understanding their shortfalls.HypothesisSince the interest rate on home loan is frequently changing and it is expected that it will rise again by the end of the year 2010. Customers who want to take loan for a long time i.e. more than 15 years and also the big amount are really worried about the payment of high EMI. The problem is mainly for salaried class people who are unable to pay the EMI fixed by the banks on their monthly salary. As the fixed rate of interest is 12.5% now customers are suggested to take loan on floating rate of interest. So hypothesis will be based on the current and future trend of the interest rates of the banks. outline of DataData for analysis will be present in following ways in order to carry out the research as well to do compar ative analysis for the subject by giving information in different perspective. absolute frequency tablesBar charts, histograms and pie charts fortuity tables or cross-tabulationsQuantitative and qualitative data Qualitative data is form of data which includes the fact and figures such as financial report of a company and Quantitative data is a form of data which can be used analyse the data which is in form of questionnaire and surveys which help in order to analyse the current situation of company and provide the better solutions for company. For this research article author will be using both the data Quantitative as well Qualitative as the research includes both data collection numeric data as well survey or questionnaire data.3). LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDYIf there are advantages of tuition then obviously there are limitations of that study also. So, some limitations of this study are This is basically an academic study suffers from time and money constraints.The other limitation includes the sample size, which is small.Analyses of only two banks are done rather than more banksStudy is expressage to local area of Bangalore, IndiaSince banks are not willing to disclose their client details so the availed information is limited to report, pamphlet, brochure etc.SCOPE OF STUDYThe study mainly deals with Housing Finance Sectors. The two important sectors identified for this purpose are companies and client of public and private Housing finance sector in Bangalore, India. field OF THE STUDYThe study is limited to only one branch of both banks i.e. UBI and SBM situated in Bangalore due to time, money and information availability constraints.ethical motiveAs the research article is focused on banking industry the confedentiaity of the data will be used for academic purposes within the field of study that is housing schemes of two banks and as per the accordance of business ethics.Comparison of Housing Loans from SBM and UBIComparison of Housing Loans from SBM and UBIThis research article is aimed to comparability and critically analyse the housing loan schemes offered by State Bank of Mysore and Union Bank of India, Bangalore Branch, IndiaOBJECTIVE OF THE STUDYTo recognize and evaluate literature relevant to the theories of home loans.To evaluate the general awareness of the various schemes currently offered by HFCs / banks and the purpose of which housing loan are given.To perform comparative analysis for housing loan schemes for State Bank of India and Union Bank of India.To study the documentation process in HFCs (Housing Finance Companies) and critically evaluate problem faced by clients during the process of lending housing finance in banks.To assess and suggest appropriate Conclusions and Recommendations with regards to housing loan schemes offered by SBM or UBI Bank to the customers.IntroductionThis article explains the housing loan schemes offered by banks in order to bolster the current housing finance situation in India and to tap er down the margin between the housing demand and the availability of houses, The National Housing Bank was set up in the year 1988. This was done by keeping in mind that a home seeker though does have a desire for a house but lacks the resources for construction or buying it. To give an enhancement to private housing finance institutions the National Housing Bank came into the picture. It is a principal agency to promote housing finance institutions both at local and regional levels and to provide financial and other support to such institutions. While it is important to keep in mind that the National housing Bank itself does not give loans or finance individuals or a party as such. It is only a corporate body to promote, establish, support or aid the housing finance institutions.India have been serving the people for around three decades and providing various housing loan schemes according to the customers various needs at attractive and reasonable interest rates. In order to faci litate the best housing loan schemes at the least interest rate this research article will help in critically evaluating and comparing the schemes of housing loan for two banks i.e. State Bank Of India and Union Bank of India, Bangalore, India in order to know the best offers provided by the banks as well their performances in order to retain in competition within marketplace.This research article analyses the effectiveness and efficiency of housing loan schemes provided by SBM and UBI bank which will provide its customers a attractive interest rates in on housing loan.Company Overview of SBM and UBIState Bank of Mysore was formed as Bank of Mysore Ltd. in 1913 under the benefaction of the former Government. Of Mysore, on the illustration of the banking commission headed by the great Engineer-Statesman,Late Dr. Sir M.Visvesvaraya. Subsequently, in March 1960, the Bank became an Associate of State Bank of India. State Bank of India holds 92.33% of shares. The Banks shares are listed in Bangalore, Chennai, and Mumbai stock exchanges.Branch NetworkThe Bank has a widespread network of six hundred eighty two only (682) branches (as on 30.09.2009) and 20 extension counters spread all over India which includes 5 specialised SSI branches, 4 Industrial Finance branches, 3 Corporate Accounts Branches, 4 specialised Personal Banking Branches, 10 Agricultural Development Branches, 3 Treasury branches, 1 Asset Recovery Branch and 8 Service Branches, offering wide range of services to the customers.Human ResourcesThe Bank has a dedicated workforce of 9720 employees consisting of 3169 supervisory staff, 6551 non-supervisory staff (as on 31.03.2008). The skill and competence of the employees have been kept updated to meet the requirement of our customers keeping in view the changes in the environment.(Source http//www.statebankofmysore.co.in/profile.htm)Union Bank of IndiaUBI Bank is consistently dedicated to bind and maintain its distinctiveness as a foremost, pioneering cos t-effective Bank, by means of a down to business approach to the shifting requirements of the general public. A extensive scale of goods and services has been resulted and also made accessible to its precious customers to cater the least of their requirements. Today, with its well-organized, value-added services, continual intensification, reliable productivity and expansion of innovative technology, UBI bank has ensured comprehensive shopper delight, keeping up its image,GOOD QUALITY POPULACE TO BANK WITH?. The key to the triumph of any organisation lies with its personnel or manpower. No wonder, UBI dedicated tem of dynamic and enthusiastic skilled personnel consists of 26000 thousand employee who contribute to the maximum in order to ensure growth for UBI. The bank went for Initial Public offer (IPO) on 20th august 2002 which was followed by the public offer made on February 2006.Government of India holds fifty five percent (55.43%) share capital of Union Bank the current share c apital holding of the bank is forty four point five seven percent 44.57 % which includes Individuals and Others.Reason behind choosing the topic for the studyHousing is the one of the main priority sector needs a lot attention now days the interest rate of the housing loan is raising very high customers are worried about the rates due to indefinite fluctuation. This study is about the comparison of the various schemes and the interest rate of the two banks State Bank of Mysore and Union Bank of India. After this study we will be able to know that which bank is more convenient in the lending of loan. Different schemes of the bank are convenient in different manner according to customers priority. The study is important also in case of comparison of the many other banks schemes to these two banks.Literature ReviewMeaning of Loan Loan is a method of lending under which bank gives credit to a borrower for a fixed period and for a specific purpose. Loan are promises for future payment, t hey have to be repaid in periods beyond a year and are therefore long-term liabilities3.3Types of Loan Generally bank grant loans for different period like shorts, medium and long and for different purpose. Broadly, the loans granted by banks are classified followsBank Loans (1) Short-term Loans Short-term loans are granted to meet the working capital needs of the borrowers. These loans are granted against the securities of tangible assets mainly the movable assets like goods and commodities, share debenture, etc. (2) Term Loans Medium and long-term loans are usually called term loans. These loans are granted for more than a year and are meant for purchase of capital assets for the establishment of new units and for expansion or diversification of an existing unit.Loan Procedure Generally various banks adopt following procedure for loan.Appraisal of LoanSubmit the ApplicationDocumentationConvene to loan applicantTo Issue Draft or Pay orderSubmit the Application First of all the l oan borrower should submit application to the particular bank. The borrower is required to fill out a common application form, which seeks comprehensive information about proprietors and loan borrowers back ground and his business network and as well as his cost of project and economic consideration.Appraisal of Loan The bank follows good appraisal system for effective lending and to make easy repay in future way. The main task of the lending bank is to make sure that the income generated from the loan is sufficient to repay the loan installments according to the terms and conditions of amortization. The risk involved in term lending is much more than the risk in short-term lending because the loans are given to new undertaking, or for the modernization and expansion of existing undertaking and for loan period.Before sanctioning any loan a banker should assure himself that the borrowing concern shall be able to earn sufficient income to pay the loan installments. The methods of anal ysis and standard to be adopted for an appraisal of loan are more similar to investment decision than to short-term lending. The appraisal of loan included projection of future trends of output, sales estimated of costs, returns and flow of funds. It is extremely difficult to have a clever cut formula for the appraisal of term loan since many factors have to be considered such as the type of borrowing bank and its activities, the markets potential, its management, and financial position. The amount of loan and the period of its repayment. Another important factor is whether to give weight age to profitability or to its broad economic significance in the development of the economy.A term loan may be appraised by considering four different aspects of the proposal. They areTechnical feasibilityEconomic feasibilityManagerial competenceFinancial feasibilityDocumentation After completing the step of submit the application and appraisal system of loan. Then loan applicant should collect th e document for borrowing loan, every documents and requirement are needed according to the co-operative bank rate. If the loan applicant wants to borrow loan of huge amount, so at a time strong documents are presented by loan applicant against bank like evident of shareholders, original and photocopy of propertys documents, photocopy last three years income tax returns file, etc. if loan applicants has no any recommendation from share holder so firstly the bank becoming share holders of his bank by issuing share to them, so above types of documents are used to borrow loan and advances from the bank.Convene to Loan Application After collecting the necessary documents, an officer of the recipient bank review it to ascertain whether it is complete for processing, when the application is considered complete. Then the co-operative bank held meeting of his loan applicant and sanctioned the particular loan. Generally this meeting is convened on Monday and Thursdays in every week. Otherwise expected it in other contingent situation and gives date, day and time for delaying particular meeting.To Issue Draft or Pay order At the last stage is that, after convening of loan applicant and sanctioning loan, borrower should pay its stamp duty, margin and one installment of loan, then in the stamp document or stamp procedure. Then bank gives to them pay order or draft. If the any loan borrowers want to purchase machinery or vehicle from out of city so he need quotation of that particular company, and finally bank made draft of companys name otherwise if the quotation of city area so at a time the co-operative bank made pay order of companys name. Them it gives to company through loan applicant.Thus above procedure is followed by the loan applicant, who wants to borrow loan from banks and satisfied his goal or objectives.1.) In December 2006 Fulbag Singh and Reema Sharma had studied about the housing Finance in India. Housing, as one of the three basic needs of life, always rem ains on the top priority of any person, economy, government and society at large. In India, majority of the population lives in slums and shabby shelters in rural areas. From the last decade, the Government of India has been continuously trying to strengthen the housing sector by introducing various housing loan schemes for rural and urban population. The first attempt in this regard was the National Housing Policy (NHP), which was introduced in 1988. The National Housing Bank (NHB) was set up in 1988 as an apex institution for housing finance and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The main objective of the bank is to promote and establish the housing financial institutions in the country as well as to provide refinance facilities to housing finance corporations and scheduled commercial banks. Moreover, for the salaried section, the tax rebates on housing loans have been introduced. The paper is based on the case study of LIC Housing Finance Ltd., which analyz es region-wise disbursements of individual house loans, their portfolio amounts and the defaults for the last ten years, i.e., from 1995-96 to 2004-05 by working out relevant ratios in terms of percentages and the compound annual growth rates. A relevant chart has also been prepared to highlight the results.2) In May 18, 2007 Michael La Cour-Little had studied about the Economic Factors Affecting Home Mortgage Disclosure Act Reporting. The public release of the 20042005 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data raised a number of questions given the increase in the number and percentage of higher-priced home mortgage loans and continued differentials across demographic groups. Here we assess three possible explanations for the observed increase in 2005 over 2004 (1) changes in lender business practices (2) changes in the risk profile of borrowers and (3) changes in the yield curve environment. Results suggest that after controlling for the mix of loan types, credit risk factors, and the yie ld curve, there was no statistically significant increase in reportable volume for loans originated directly by lenders during 2005, though indirect, wholesale originations did significantly increase. Finally, given a model of the factors affecting results for 2004-2005, we predict that 2006 results will continue to show an increase in the percentage of loans that are higher priced when final numbers are released in September 20073.) The housing finance market has been consistently exhibiting rapid growth in the past few years. Growth has been largely concentrated on urban areas and in the middle to high income groups, focusing on the salaried class. This growth was partly fuelled by the entry of commercial banks seeking asset growth in a sluggish business environment coupled with the tax incentives on housing loans. The banks, with their lower cost of funds, extensive branch network, capability to provide a range of personal banking services and aided by the average low default rat es in housing finance, could expand the market considerably. They however, continued to focus on middle to higher income groups. Lower income groups, self employed and the rural population are by and large excluded. While the middle and higher income groups may continue to access conventional housing finance, increasing attention will need to be paid to the needs of the underserved?. (Source Saravanan P. Recent Experiences in the Housing Finance Sector A Study with Reference to India.Housing Finance Internationalserial online. September 2007 21(5)45-48. Available from Business Source Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 17, 2010)4.) The innovations in housing finance systems in advanced economies over the past two decades have altered the role of housing sector in business cycle and in the monetary transmission mechanism. It concludes that these changes have spilovers from the hosuing sector to the rest of the economy and have amplified their impact by strengthening the role of hou sing as collateral. This analysis suggests in economies were developed mortgage markets, monetary policymakers may need to respond over aggressively to developments in housing sectors, within a risk-management approach that treats house price dynamics as one of the key factors to be considered in assuming balnce of risks to output and influence. (Source World Economic Outlook(International Monetary fund), 2008, ISBN 978-1-58906-719-6)5.) Today, the housing finance market has evolved into an oligolpolistic structure (SSKI, 20606) with three dominant providers-DFC, the largest housing company, ICICI bank the largest private sector bank, State Bank of India the largest bank in country. According to SSKI India research estimation in 200, the three leading housing credit providers accounted for approximately 75 of the market. Only a few foreign banks are involved and they tend to focus on High net worth individuals.Towards the end of 2005, India saw a graduate inching uo of interest rate s. Despite this, close to 85 % of housing credit customers still prefer floating rate of interest.(Source Housing Finance mechanism in India, 2008, ISBN- 978-92-1-131970-5, emailprotected United Nations Human Settlement Programme 2008)6.) As per a article report published in wall street the trend in housing sector in India as on February 20,2008 were heading for a slowdown. The withdrawal of an Initial Public offering (IPO) by Emaar MGF Pvt. Ltd is an indication of difficulties companies worldwide are having in tapping market. (Source Kilbinger, Sara Seddon. India Faces Housing Slowdown.Wall Street Journal Eastern Edition20 Feb. 2008 B7.Business Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 17 June 2010)7.) The housing market in the Indian metropolitan city of Bangalore. Some problems of housing finance from the viewpoints of families and of public authorities are indicated. It is argued that it is these financial problems that make access difficult for the poorer half of the population of Bangalor e to forms of housing other than inner city slums or urban fringe informal housing. Public housing with its unrealistic standards of service provision, but especially its high initial access costs is not well designed to meet the needs of the majority of families. The paper concludes that unless public housing authorities emulate the private housing market they will continue to play a marginal role in housing in a city such as Bangalore. There are signs that this is happening in India with experimentation in both housing finance and lower service standard. (Source Blore, Ian. Housing and the working class in an Indian metropolis.Public Administration Development9.5 (1989) 557-568.Business Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 17 June 2010.)8.) The housing sector in India for several decades faced a number of set-backs, such as an unorganized market, development disparities, a compartmentalized development approach and a deterrent rent control system. There was not even a concerted attempt t o understand the housing problem let alone promote it. Reforms introduced in the sector during the 1990s, however, have overturned the situation to a great extent. The designing of a shelter policy, the organization of the housing finance market, the introduction of fiscal incentives, increased public investment, legal reforms and others initiatives have brought about a number of changes in the housing sector. Interestingly, these changes have been concerned with both reducing the housing shortage and increasing the number of quality housing stock besides increased access to various other housing amenities like safe drinking water, good sanitation and household electricity. However, the reform initiatives of the housing sector need to take deep roots and to go a long way to address the growing incidence of sub-standard and dilapidated housing stock for further minimizing the deprivations of housing amenities. This paper considers a few policy options towards addressing the challenge s of the housing sector. (Source Mahadeva M. Reforms in housing sector in India impact on housing development and housing amenities.Habitat Internationalserial online. September 200630(3)412-433. Available from Business Source Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed June 17, 2010)OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPTEMI- Equated Monthly Installment is what a loaner pays the Banks every month towards repayment of loan. It is comprises of principle and interest.EMI = L * r (1 + r) n x 1(1 + r) n 1 12Interest rate- It is the amount which banks charge along with the principal amount per year on the basis of fixed rate or floating rate.UBI- Union Bank of IndiaSBM- State Bank of MysoreHFC- Housing Finance CompanyMETHODOLOGYThe study dwells on both secondary and primary data. The primary data is collected through interviewing staffs of the banks, secondary data is collected through past details of the Housing finance structure, reports, pamphlets, brochures etcPrimary research is form of research which includes the gathering of new data using an acknowledged research method. This could be in form of opinion poll, questionaaire, telephonic interviews or personal interview etcFor this research article the author has chosen to carry out primary research by collecting data in form of questionnaire or by interviewing SBM and UBI with the support of bank officials or staff members of bank.Secondary Research is referred to data which is not a original creation. This form of data is already available to a researcher in order to carry out the research process in form of websites, journals or newspapers or company annual reports.How Primary data can be collected1.) Questionnaire or Opinion PollsQuestionnaire or opinion polls are intended to gather primary data from a sample taken into consideration, with a aim to critically evaluate or analyse the data in form of tabulated results e.g. stastical data or even by simplifying the results in form of a inference of the numeric data.Questi onnaire can be performed in several ways such as telephonic interview, Emails, Online surveys or face to face. These methods of opinion polls are elaborated in broader perspectiveTelephone interview This is the most important and widely accepted method of collecting the original and accurate data for resolving the complex issues and providing the accurate solutions.Merit From the author point of view the main merit of this method is that its more time consuming and a person can explain views more easily which they cannot do sometime face to f ace.Demerit The demerit of this method could be that the rejection for telephonic interview which doesnt allow the researcher to receive any data for the research.Online Surveys Surveys nowadays most commonly and widely accepted method of research as it can be presented in many dimension and can be analysed and interpreted based on the requirement of the person and also can be presented in form of tabulation sheets or some analytical software.M erit This method is very advantageous as a researcher can have a global access from the respondent and its more faster and accurate and easy to administer.Demerit For this method to have access a user must be well versed with computers as well as its more global method a user should ahve access to internet so that could be a biggest drawback in order to collect data if the respondent dont have knowledge or access to these resources.Personal interview This form of method is acceptable by everyone as its being designed and implemented based on the convenience of the respondent. A respondent can choose their timing to answer the questionnaires as well its helps in solving the complex issues as it provides the accurate data as well a discussion about the analysis of data from the respondentMerit The main advantage of face-to-face or direct interviews is that the researcher can accommodate the questions as necessary, classify doubts and ensure that the responses are properly understood, by repeating or rephrasing the questions. The researcher can identify nonverbal clues from the respondent.Disadvantages The main disadvantage of face-to-face interviews is that geographical limitations may impose restrictions on the surveys and the vast resources that would be needed if such surveys need to be done nationally or internationally. Respondents may feel uneasy about their privacy of their responses when they interact face-to-face with the interviewer.Postal Interview The most commonly used method of distribution which is fairly easy to administer. The questionnaire and the covering letter will be posted to the sample, usually with a prepaid envelope for returning the completed questionnaire. For this medium short questionnaire will be used.Advantages A wide geographical area can be covered with the use of postal interview. The respondents use their convenience to fill the form at their own pace. Anonymity of respondents is high.Disadvantages Any doubts that respondents have cannot be clarified. The return rates of mail questionarres are typically low. Follow up procedures for non responses are necessary in postal interviews.SamplingSurvey provides representative information about a group from which sample was drawn. This qualitative research will involve nonrandom sampling or non-probability sampling where everyone in the population will not have an equal chance to be chosen as part of a sample. The non-probability samples provide good estimates of a population characteristic.Target PopulationThe target population of my sample will include all bank employees of IS bank. The recruitment of individuals for participation will require the selection of individuals who are employees of IS bank.The sample for the research survey will be selected mostly by these methodsConvenience Sampling This will be used to identify bank employees who are willing and available for the research survey. As most of the bank employees will be working and will not be availa ble for questioning convenience sampling would be a better choice.Snowballing This sampling method will be used to identify the first participant. Then that first participant will be asked to refer to other participants with similar characteristics. I have used this method to select bank employees and their friends. It is easier to get representatives for research through this method that has same characteristics.Secondary data can be obtained byComparative Case studies I will go through case studies of competitors who are offering mortgage products in the Turkey market. This will help in understanding their strategies and policies. It will also help in understanding about how they achieve their goal. It will also help in identifying the challenges they faced during marketing their products. Comparative Case Studies helps in comparing two industries and understanding their shortfalls.HypothesisSince the interest rate on home loan is frequently changing and it is expected that it wil l rise again by the end of the year 2010. Customers who want to take loan for a long time i.e. more than 15 years and also the big amount are really worried about the payment of high EMI. The problem is mainly for salaried class people who are unable to pay the EMI fixed by the banks on their monthly salary. As the fixed rate of interest is 12.5% now customers are suggested to take loan on floating rate of interest. So hypothesis will be based on the current and future trend of the interest rates of the banks.Analysis of DataData for analysis will be present in following ways in order to carry out the research as well to do comparative analysis for the subject by giving information in different perspective.Frequency tablesBar charts, histograms and pie chartsContingency tables or cross-tabulationsQuantitative and Qualitative data Qualitative data is form of data which includes the fact and figures such as financial report of a company and Quantitative data is a form of data which ca n be used analyse the data which is in form of questionnaire and surveys which help in order to analyse the current situation of company and provide the better solutions for company. For this research article author will be using both the data Quantitative as well Qualitative as the research includes both data collection numeric data as well survey or questionnaire data.3). LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDYIf there are advantages of study then obviously there are limitations of that study also. So, some limitations of this study are This is basically an academic study suffers from time and money constraints.The other limitation includes the sample size, which is small.Analyses of only two banks are done rather than more banksStudy is limited to local area of Bangalore, IndiaSince banks are not willing to disclose their client details so the availed information is limited to report, pamphlet, brochure etc.SCOPE OF STUDYThe study mainly deals with Housing Finance Sectors. The two important sec tors identified for this purpose are companies and client of public and private Housing finance sector in Bangalore, India.AREA OF THE STUDYThe study is limited to only one branch of both banks i.e. UBI and SBM situated in Bangalore due to time, money and information availability constraints.EthicsAs the research article is focused on banking industry the confedentiaity of the data will be used for academic purposes within the field of study that is housing schemes of two banks and as per the accordance of business ethics.