PUMA Marketing Essay

Official Summary The multi-billion worldwide sportswear industry is an exceptionally serious segment that is persistently developing. Two of the biggest players in this industry are Nike Co., which holds 37% piece of the pie, and PUMA with 7% piece of the overall industry. Destinations To help its development focus to $23 billion by 2011, Nike expects to grow its market entrance in India, China, Brazil, and other rising economies. To accomplish this end, the organization intends to make marks that are customized fit to various markets. Jaguar , then again, targets local and item type development. The organization has drafted a multi year intend to arrive at this objective. Situating/Product/Service/Price Strategy Analysis These driving makers have varying methodologies in their promoting procedures. Nike has ready itself as a pioneer of top notch sportswear, making sports as a feature of a functioning way of life. It puts vigorously in publicizing and showcasing efforts to make brand force and mindfu lness. The Nike name is related with quality, achievement, and enormity. Because of its effective advertising methodologies, Nike has become some portion of sports culture. Its items are sorted under ball, soccer, women’s, running, men’s, sports culture, and others. For the year finished December 31, 2007, Nike announced incomes of $16 billion, where the greater part of which originated from its athletic footwear division. Then again, Puma has situated itself as a producer that consolidates usefulness with style, making a specialty among the design cognizant games lovers. It helps out originators from key markets, similar to Japan, to think of structures that meet the company’s objective of giving in vogue sportswear that intrigue to the top of the line showcase. Its business is divided into footwear, attire and adornments. For the monetary year 2007, PUMA announced incomes of $2.4 billion, where 60% of which was earned from footwear. Market Analysis Both Nike and PUMA target eighteen to thirty-multi year old guys and females all around. In spite of the similitude of its market, the two organizations draw in various sorts of shoppers. Nike has a solid buyer base for its presentation shoes, while PUMA’s quality lies on its easygoing shoes. Conveyance Strategy Investigation Distribution reach is a key factor for the achievement of Nike and PUMA. Nike is headquartered in Oregon, and disseminates its items in around twenty-2,000 areas with eleven focal dispersion habitats. This broad reach permits Nike to be accessible to the most number of individuals around the globe. Panther is situated in Herzogenaurach, Germany, with circulation directs in excess of eighty nations around the world. Be that as it may, it is to a great extent amassed in the European area, coming about to a lower piece of the pie. The two organizations don't sell legitimately to the general population. Rather, they sell through retail locations situated in shopping centers or retail chains. Advancement Strategies Analysis PUMA’s five-year plan for 2006-2010 spotlights on development of: †¢ item fragments, †¢ provincial infiltration and †¢ non-PUMA brands. To do this, the organization is moving concentration to catch more youthful buyers without losing its top of the line costumers. It is likewise haggling for the exchange of organization control to PPR, an aggregate that works extravagance brands like Gucci and YSL. This move supposedly increases deals for PUMA’s tennis shoes and up benefits by in any event 10%. For Nike, it proceeds with its advancements combined with forceful advertising efforts to advance its items and clutch its driving situation in the market. End Nike will keep on being the sportswear business pioneer for the years to come. The company’s way to deal with development and its profoundly forceful advertising efforts will guarantee the organization its top situation in the market. As it keep on giving quality items that intrigue to larger part of the objective purchasers, Nike will have the option to arrive at its objective of posting a 50% income increment by 2011. Puma’s move in center will enable the organization to accomplish a greater piece of the overall industry. By reevaluating its product offerings and extending its compass especially in the U.S. showcase, PUMA will have the option to build its offer objective. The German organization likewise needs to make items that would oblige the center end purchasers. From this venture, I have discovered that showcasing systems and limited time crusades do a ton to the brand. Because of brand power, a company’s estimating will likewise be at a favorable position. I have likewise discovered that Nike’s the board is doing very well to stay with the at the cutting edge, contrasted with PUMA’s top administrators who are still during the time spent creation the organization increasingly serious all inclusive.

How Drinking Fathers Affect Childrens Development

How Drinking Fathers Affect Children's Development Addiction Alcohol Use Children of Alcoholics Print Alcoholic Fathers and Childrens Development Study Tracks Social, Emotional, and Cognitive Development By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 03, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 17, 2020 Michaela Begsteiger/Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Children of Alcoholics Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Its well known that the alcohol use disorder of the mother has a big influence on the early development of children, but what is not widely known is that the fathers problems can also affect child development at this stage. The same alcoholics who claim that their drinking affects no one but themselves would be surprised to find that their alcohol abuse, depression, and other emotional problems can begin having an effect on their children as early as 12 months old. Social, Emotional and Cognitive Development Affected While parental alcohol abuse plays a key role in a childs development, alcoholism is rarely an isolated factor. The presence of symptoms of depression in either parent can also be a factor, researchers say. The social, emotional and cognitive development of children with alcohol-abusing fathers has been noted in research at the University at Buffalos Research Institute on Addictions (RIA). At the RIA, Kenneth Leonard, Ph.D., and colleagues tracked the development of children of alcohol-abusing fathers and a control group at 12, 18 and 24 months of age. The children were observed with each parent in a natural play setting. How Alcohol Abuse Affects Parenting When the children were 12 months old, the study found that compared to the control fathers, the alcohol-abusing fathers: Spoke less to their infantExpressed less positive involvementExpressed more negative emotionsReported more aggravation with their infant Observations of the parents with their children also revealed that the alcohol-abusing fathers were less sensitive in their parenting compared to the control fathers. This means they were not aware of their childrens behavior, or not guided by the behavior of their children. The mothers who were married to the alcohol-abusing fathers behaved with their infants much like the mothers married to the control fathers. But, if the mother had her own alcohol abuse problem or exhibited symptoms of depression, it contributed to the less-sensitive parenting of the children. Anxiety, Depression, and Behavioral Problems By the time the children were 18 months old, the children of alcohol-abusing father: Displayed symptoms of anxietyHad more symptoms of depressionDisplayed more externalizing problems, like tantrums If the mothers of the children had no symptoms of depression, only the children of the alcohol-abusing fathers displayed externalizing problems. However, when the mother did have depression symptoms, the children displayed more externalizing problems whether the fathers had alcohol problems or not. Depression Can Play a Greater Role Therefore, the RIA researchers concluded that depressive symptoms in either or both parents may play a larger role in the childs development than alcohol abuse. The researchers wrote that it was important to note that not all of the children in alcohol-abusing families exhibited any problems at all. In fact, there was great diversity among the behavior of the alcohol families and some of their children were doing well. Developing Other Problems The effects of alcohol abuse in child development cannot be considered in isolation. We have to examine these effects longitudinally and seek to discover sources of resiliency in these families, the authors said. Other studies have found that parental drinking continues to affect children beyond the 24 months age and children of alcoholics can develop negative outcomes that include depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, substance abuse or interpersonal difficulties.

Effect of Product Differentiation on Sales Turnover - 275 Words

Effect of Product Differentiation on Sales Turnover (Research Proposal Sample) Content: EFFECTS OF PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION ON SALES TURNOVER. A CASE STUDY OF RAIPLY LIMITED, ELDORETA RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELORS DEGREE INà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬2015DECLARATIONSTUDENTà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬S DECLARTIONI, the undersigned, declare that this procurement proposal is my original work and that it has not been presented in any other university or institution for academic credit.NAMESignà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬................................. Date...................................SUPERVISORSThis proposal has been submitted for examination with my approval as university supervisorsNAME:Signature:....................................................Date:- ....................................NAMESignature:- ....................................................Date:- ....................................ACKNOWLEDGEMENTI wish to express my gratit ude to my supervisorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. for the great inspiration, valuable guidance and the relentless encouragement they made to ensurethatthisworkmettheexpectedstandards.Iappreciatethesacrifice he made despite his busy schedules giving guidance, assistance, support, professional advice and constructive criticism up to the end. I thank my course unitsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ lecturersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬for enriching me with excellent course content that enabled me to handle the research topic.My special gratitude goes to my siblingsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ for their love, prayers and support. My deepest appreciation goes to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬.for his prayers, encouragement and support throughout my proposal writing. I am indebted to my course mates à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ for their company throughout my entire study period, the group discussions that we had, your love and encouragement meant a lot to me.Much gratitude goes to all my colleagues for all the support during my study period and for covering for me in my absence. God bless you abundantly.CHAPTER ONE1.3 Objectives * To determine the effects of differences in quality on sales turnover of Raiply Limited. * To estimate the effects of differences in features/ design on sales turnover of Raiply Limited. * To investigate the effects of differences in availability (timing and location) on sales turnover of Raiply Limited.Conceptual FrameworkIndependent variablesDependent variableDifferences in qualityProduct differentiationSales turnoverDifferences in availability (timing and location) Sales turnoverDifferences in features/ designSource, Author 2015CHAPTER TWOLITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Empirical Review2.1.1Effects of differences in quality on sales turnoverIn this era of globalization, there is increasing pressure on firms by consumers and competitors alike to continually innovate in new products and to upgrade the quality of existing goods and services. Quality practices have been shown to enhance organizational sales turnover (Wotruba, 2005). Quality experts distinguish between two general types of output quality i.e. the degree to which a good or service provides key customer requirements, or customization, and how reliably these requirements are delivered, or reliability (Tanner, 2003). Ishikawa and Lu (1985) make a similar argument when they separate quality into à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"backward lookingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"forward-lookingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ components. Defects and flaws in quality are c alled backward looking quality, while forward-looking quality is characteristics that can become a productà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s sales point. Oakland (1993) distinguishes between similar components, referring to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"qualityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ as the meeting of customer requirements, and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"reliabilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ as the ability of a product to continue to meet the customer requirements.Quality has a direct bearing on customer satisfaction. If a company produces a quality product, satisfied customers will ranks them higher in surveys than companies that fail to provideÂquality products or services and this will increase the number of customers coming fir their products thus increasing the total sales turnover. In addition, dissatisfied customers are more vocal in their criticisms of a company with quality problems. Various websites will rank different companies according to customer satisfaction and quality products. Poor c ompanies may get an initial sale of a product or service but it will not create repeat customers. To avoid circumstances like these, Companies must improve or increase on the level of their product quality or to maintain the good standard of their quality provision of products to the customers in order to raise the rate at which it gets it sales turnover.Quality of the products may also directly affects costs of many Companies. While using less expensive parts and equipment might cut costs in the short term, the long-term effects might be far more expensive. For example, using certain raw materials that costs less in the production of the products might save company money in the short term, but that raw material used might be more complicated than more expensive raw materials or lack customer service. If a problem arises with the products which are produced from these cheap raw materials, there can be lack of customers support and this means that it takes longer to accomplish the jo b, thereby costing the company more money than if it had used a more expensive, higher quality raw materials.2.1.2 Effects of differences in features/ design on sales turnover.It is not enough for a business to have good products sold at attractive prices. To generate a good sales turnover, the benefits of products have to be communicated to customers. The organization has to convey the message about the product on offer to its consumers ( Bart, 2002). This helps in sustaining a perennial demand for the product and in suitably positioning it among the target audience. Different organizations have different designs of attracting their customers in order to generate profits hence improve their sales turnover. One of them includes adding complementary services or products which may help them gain new clients as well as maintain existing ones. For example a lawn-mowing or landscaping company might add swimming pool maintenance for little additional cost. Neither service is technically c omplex or difficult to deliver, both require regular home visits, and each are a burden to the homeowner (Reinfeld, 2005)Similarly, CompaniesÂcan easily serve the commercial market with the same crews and equipment used in its normal residential business. Contracts to provide future maintenance or extended warranties can be sold with almost all capital equipment. The company can review the products of their competitors for ideas.Another design can be entering into a cooperative sales agreement whereby contact companies that sell a complementary product or service with a request to sell. For example, computer hardware companies often sell software, which facilitates the sale of their hardware. Furthermore, pet food distributors offer proprietary vitamins and pet furniture, and home remodeling businesses also sell landscaping (Darmon, 2008). Many companies actively seek complementary products as they add very little to marketing and sales expenses. It is just a matter of finding t he right partner. Adding additional salespeople for no out-of-pocket cost is a sure sales booster.Companies may also lower the prices of their products or adjust the prices to meet the objectives or the market situation in order to increase the sales turn over. An immediate price increase may bring additional sales turnovers and profits to the company if the price increase doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬t negatively impact sales. A price reduction stimulates more sales and takes market share away from other suppliers. Knowing how their products compare with similar products from the buyersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ viewpoint, as well as the prices of competitive products, will allow them to best position your prices in the marketplace. Changing prices may "shake things up," so they have to be particularly sensitive to the reaction of their customers and prospects as the new prices go into effect. If the reaction is not positive, they can make further adjustments, including a return to the old prices.2.1.3 Effect s of differences in availability (timing and location) on sales turnover.Different companies operate in different markets where they target their customers and these markets may be far or near the sites of production. The demand for the products also varies with seasons (time) and this can affect sales turnover positively or negatively (Darmon, 2008). . Sales turnover of Raiply can be affected positively by timing when the demand for these products is higher and they are available within the required markets. To ensure that positive results are met, products must be located closer to the customers and should be made available all the time. Timing may also affects sales turnover of a company because the demand for the products may be lower at certain times. This can also occur when they are op...

Computing Abstraction Information - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3538 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Discuss computing as a discipline and the role of abstraction in advances made in computing Computing has been defined in various ways, including the body of knowledge that surrounds computers and computation used by the Computing Sciences Accreditation Board (Denning et al 1989), and any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computers (Shackelford et al 2006). According to the Joint Task Force for Computing Curriculas definition therefore, computing encompasses design and implementation of hardware and software systems for a wide range of purposes; processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information; doing scientific studies using computers; making computer systems behave intelligently; creating and using communications and entertainment media; finding and gathering information relevant to any particular purpose, and so on. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Computing Abstraction Information" essay for you Create order By its nature, computing draws knowledge and skills from the fields of engineering, mathematics and science, from which the discipline itself is rooted. Abstraction is a mental model which removes complex details, and leaves only the information necessary to accomplish the goal (Dale Lewis, 2006). The concept is widely used in Electrical Engineering circuit analysis as Thevenin and Nortons theorems for representing complex circuits as equivalent simple circuits. Abstraction has also been key in the development of computing as it allowed innovations within individual layers of computing systems to be researched and developed independently of each other, e.g. the developments in Operating Systems designs and User Applications were all happening independent from advances in processor construction. Discuss Unicode standards. The Unicode standard is a universal means of character encoding, developed by the Unicode Consortium, that is used to represent every character in every language (Wikipedia). The Unicode character set 16 bits per character, enabling it to represent over 65,000 characters (Dale Lewis, 2006); a lot more than the ASCII sets 256 characters, which were incorporated as a subset of the Unicode character set. Each character is represented by a hexadecimal code, and the characters are classified under their source, e.g. ASCII/Latin, Thai, Greek, Chinese, etc. The versatility of the standard has made it widely popular, and is used in many programming languages and computer systems. Not all of the available codes in the standard have been assigned to characters, and although more than 30 writing systems are currently included, more are constantly being added. The standard was first published in 1991, and has also been in constant revision since then; version 5.1 is expected during March 2008. Who first thought about the idea of using the binary number system to be able to create electronic devices that can present numbers and do calculations? The binary number system as we know and use in computing today, was first used in the early 20th century on early non-mechanical computers. The word bit, short for binary digit was coined by John Wilder Tukey, an American statistician and early computer scientist, who was working on an early computer project with John von Neumann in 1946(tefan Porubsk 2007). However, George Stibitz of the Bell Telephone Laboratories (Bell Labs), New York City, had build a demonstration 1-bit binary adder using relays in 1937. Although it was just a demonstration machine, it was still the first binary computer (Stephen White 1996). Write the decimal number 127 as a Hexadecimal, an Octal and as a Binary number. According to the Free Dictionary, the Hexadecimal Number System is a positional system of numeration that uses hexadecimal digits and a radix of sixteen. To convert the decimal 127 to hexadecimal, we shall employ the recursion method. Division Quotient Remainder Hex Number 127/16 7 15 F 7/16 0 7 7F So the hexadecimal equivalent is 7F The Octal Number System is a positional system of numeration that uses octal digits and a radix of eight. To convert the decimal 127 to octal, we shall employ the recursion method. Division Quotient Remainder Octal Number 127/8 15 7 7 15/8 1 7 77 1/8 0 1 177 So the octal equivalent is 177 The Binary Number System is defined as a positional system of numeration that uses binary digits and a radix of two To convert the decimal 127 to binary, we shall employ the recursion method. Division Quotient Remainder Binary Number 127/2 63 1 1 63/2 31 1 11 31/2 15 1 111 15/2 7 1 1111 7/2 3 1 11111 3/2 1 1 111111 1/2 0 1 1111111 So the binary equivalent is 1111111 What is the minimum number of bits is needed to represent marital status? Given that marital status can be one of the following options: married, divorced, widowed or never married. Explain your answer. In the inherent nature of the binary system, each bit can only have two states, such as zero or one, one or off, etc. Each bit can, therefore, only represent two things, i.e. with one being the one-state, and the other, the zero-state. In order to represent a more varied field, more bits would be required. In this case the marital status field contains has four possible states, namely married, divorced, widowed and never married. In general 2n bits represent n states (Dale), so in this case, 2n = 4 = 22. So 2 bits would be required to represent the marital status, and this would use one of the combinations of 00, 01, 10 or 11 to correspond to one of the possible states. Given a fixed-size number scheme where k in the formula for the tens compliment is 6 (see page 61), answer the following questions: a) How many positive integers can be represented? In the formula for tens complement, Negative (I) = 10k-I, k is the number of digits. For k=6, then the largest integer possible is 999,999. In a fixed size number system, half of the numbers represent negative integers, and in this case the positive integers would range from 1 to 499,999. Therefore, 499,999 positive integers can be represented. b) How many negative integers can be represented? The negative integers are represented by integers 500,000 till 999,999. Thus giving (999,999-500,000)+1=500,000 negative integers represented. c) Draw the number line showing the three smallest and largest positive numbers, the three smallest and largest negative numbers and zero. Show the behaviour of the following circuit with a truth table Inputs Gate 1 Gate 2 Gate 3 Gate 4 Gate 5 A B C (AB) (BC) C (AB+C) (AB+C)+(BC) Output 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Draw a circuit corresponding to the following Boolean expression: AB + (B + C) a) Calculate the capacity of a hard disk with 3736 Cylinders, 128 Heads and 63 Sectors with 512 bytes per sector. Give the answer in gigabytes (GB) and in gibibytes (GiB). We shall use the equation: Disk Size in Bytes = No. of Cylinders * No. of Heads * No. of Sectors * Bytes per sector = 3736 * 128 * 63 * 512 = 15696221184 Bytes According to the decimal definition of Gigabyte, 1 Gigabyte= 109 Bytes Therefore, the disk size in Gigabytes is = 15696221184/109 = 15.696 GB Since, 1 Gibibyte= 230 Bytes = 1,073,741,824 Bytes Then the disk size in Gibibytes is, = 15696221184/ 230 = 14.618 GiB b) Why do you think that the practical use of binary prefixes remain mostly ignored by marketing literature. According to James Wiebe, hard drive manufacturers have historically used decimal computations to determine disk size (Wiebe 2003). This gave them numbers to describe capacity which were direct and easily understandable by their clients. Marketing literature have a much greater impact and sales appeal to an audience when advertising a disk as having a capacity of 120GB, as opposed to 115.039GB. A less complicated number is also more comfortable for the general public to deal with, than mathematical jargon. c) The following image is how windows reports the disk usage of a hard disk with a capacity reported to be 50GB by its manufacturer. Explain why it does not seem to add up. The discrepancy in the sizes of the disk reported by the manufacturer, and the Windows operating system is due to the dissimilar computations used to obtain the decimal representation of the disk capacity. Disk manufacturers use decimal or Base10 arithmetic to perform the computation, while Operating system vendors use binary, or Base2 arithmetic. The decimal GB is (1000x1000x1000) Bytes, while the binary GB is (1024x1024x1024) Bytes (Wiebe 2003). Therefore the binary size of this disk is: 52,428,795,904/(10243) =48.8281 =48.8 GB a) Write a pseudo code algorithm to get three positive integers from a user and print them in numerical order. Print Please enter three positive integers separately Set List 1 to 0 Set List 2 to 0 Set List 3 to 0 Read num1 Read num2 Read num3 If (num1num2) (num1num2) Set Li to num1 If (num2num3) Set List2 to num2 Set List3 to num3 else Set List2 to num3 Set List3 to num2 ElseIf (num2num1) (num2num3) Set Li to num2 If (num1num3) Set List2 to num1 Set List3 to num3 else Set List2 to num3 Set List3 to num1 Else Set Li to num3 If (num1num2) Set List2 to num1 Set List3 to num2 else Set List2 to num2 Set List3 to num1 Print The numerical order of the numbers is: Print Li+ +List2+ +List3 b) Enclose the algorithm within a loop that repeat until the user enters the first value of the trio as negative. When the user enters a negative value for the first value the program must not require the second and third values to be entered. Print This program will sort 3 positive integers. To end, please enter a negative value for the first entry Print Please enter three positive integers separately Set num1 to zero While (num1=0) Set List 1 to 0 Set List 2 to 0 Set List 3 to 0 Read num1 If (num10) break Read num2 Read num3 If (num1num2) (num1num2) Set Li to num1 If (num2num3) Set List2 to num2 Set List3 to num3 else Set List2 to num3 Set List3 to num2 ElseIf (num2num1) (num2num3) Set Li to num2 If (num1num3) Set List2 to num1 Set List3 to num3 else Set List2 to num3 Set List3 to num1 Else Set Li to num3 If (num1num2) Set List2 to num1 Set List3 to num2 else Set List2 to num2 Set List3 to num1 Print The numerical order of the numbers is: Print Li+ +List2+ +List3 Print Thank you for using the program c) List the identifiers in the algorithm in b) and tell whether they named data or actions. The algorithm uses the following variables: num1:data, integer num2:data, integer num3:data, integer List 1:data, integer List2:data, integer List3:data, integer Print:action output data to display Set:action store value into the variable If ElseIf Elseaction perform the indented statements depending on the whether the condition is true or false. While:action repeat the indented statements if the condition is true d) Verify the algorithm in b) using a walk-through. num1 num2 num3 Li List2 List3 At the beginning 0 ? ? 0 0 0 After first entry 4 ? ? 0 0 0 After second entry 4 7 ? 0 0 0 After third entry 4 7 5 0 0 0 After If statement 4 7 5 4 5 7 On second iteration -1 0 0 0 a) Use Pep/7 assembly language instructions to write a program to add the decimal values 7 and 19 and store the result in memory location 7D (Location is given in hexadecimal). BR Main num1:.WORD d#7 num2:.WORD d#19 Main:LOADA h#0000,i ADDA num1,d ADDA num2,d STOREA h#007D,d DECO h#007D,d STOP .END b) Write the above program in Pep/7 machine language using hexadecimal notation. 70 00 07 00 07 00 13 08 00 00 19 00 03 19 00 05 11 00 7D F1 00 7D 00 zz Distinguish between the four programming paradigms mentioned in Chapter 8 and discuss the benefits of using each of them as purported in the literature. Also give an example of a programming language that supports each of the paradigms and the URL of a vendor for each language. In their discussion of programming paradigms, Dale and Lewis (2006) introduce four programming paradigms namely: imperative, functional, logic programming, and object-oriented paradigms. As the name implies, the imperative programming paradigm is characterized by sequential instructions executed in an order governed by control structures to solve a task. The languages in this class allow the programmer to express algorithms as a hierarchy of tasks, and they tend to use a syntax that is similar to descriptions of everyday routines. One such language in this category is C++, which is available from Borland/CodeGear. Information on their product and tutorials and downloads can be obtained from https://www.codegear.com/products/cppbuilder. The functional programming paradigm is based on the mathematical theory of functions. Computations are crafted and expressed as function calls, with no need for variables or value assignments, making it quite simple. One of the popular languages in this paradigm is Lisp, which is available from Franz Inc. and more information on the product can be accessed their website at https://www.franz.com/. The third kind discussed by Dale and Lewis is the Logic programming paradigm, which is based, as the name suggests, on the principles of symbolic logic. It utilizes axioms, inference rules, and queries and program execution is by systematic search in a set of facts declared by one type, and another type making use of a set of inference rules. It is widely utilized in artificial intelligence, and PROLOG is a popular logic programming paradigm language. EZY Prolog is a PROLOG compiler which is available from EZY-Software at: https://www.ezy-software.com/ezyprolog/Prolog_Inference_Engine/ezy_prolog_overview.htm. In the object-oriented programming paradigm the data and operations are encapsulated in objects, which interact with each other. Programmers are able to express their algorithms using a hierarchy of objects. Smalltalk is a popular object-oriented programming language available from Cincom in their VisualWorks product, whose website is https://www.cincomsmalltalk.com/userblogs/cincom/blogView. What exchange will be made next? The Selection Sort algorithm works by progressively working through the array from the first or last index, and exchanging the positions of the current element and the next matching element in the unsorted section of the array. The sorting procedure may be by numerical or alphabetical precedence in ascending or descending order. In the given example, the sorting algorithm is performing a numerical sorting procedure in descending order from right to left. The next position to be processed is that occupied by element 10, and it shall be exchanged with element 14, which is the highest numerical element in the unsorted subsection. Compare Bubble Sort and Quicksort by giving an example of a scenario where each of these algorithms would outperform the other. Bubblesort and Quicksort are simple sorting algorithms that are classified under exchange sorts, as they sort data by systematically exchanging the positions held by individual items in an array (Knuth 1997). Bubble sort works by progressively working from one end of the array, comparing the two adjacent items, switching them if so determined by the sort criteria, and then shifting the focus one step forward in the array to repeat the procedure on the next item in the array with the one from the prior sort. The operation continues until the end of the array has been reached, at which point the highest or lowest value shall have bubbled to the end of the array. The rest of the items in the array may have altered their positions in the array, but may not be in their sorted positions. Therefore, the procedure may have to be repeated a number of times, in order to get the second, third, and all other items into their correctly sorted positions. Due to its operation, the bubble sort is an inherently slow procedure, and a common method used to improve the performance, is to reverse the direction and invert the sort criteria when at the end of the array. Quicksort, on the other hand, works by progressively breaking down the data for sorting, first into two lists of greater-than and less-than around an element in array called a pivot, recursively sorting the sub lists, and then combing the two sorted sub lists to give the final sorted array. The Quicksort algorithm can be further enhanced when sorting really large lists of data, by recursively breaking down the sub lists into smaller ones using pivot elements in the sub lists. This would be handy when, for example, sorting names of participants attending a conference. The first pivot could be surnames starting with M, giving sub lists of A-L and M-Z. The A-L sub list could then itself be pivoted using F, and so on until a level is reached at which point simple sorting can be done. After which, the sub lists would be recombined to give the sorted list of data. Sorting such a large list of data using the Bubble sort would be extremely slow and impractical. However, the Bubble sort algorithm can be used as a simple confirmation algorithm to verify if the data list has been correctly sorted. If we setup the Bubble sort algorithm to keep count of any exchanges it performs, and we obtain a result of nil, then the list has been arranged correctly. Use examples to show when each of the three partition selection approaches mentioned in chapter 10 is optimal. Partition selection describes the decision process by which memory locations for new programs in variable length. Partitions are allocated. There are three general methods used in the allocation (Dale Lewis, 2006) namely: first fit, best fit and worst fit. The First fit method simply places the program into the first partition big enough to hold it. For example, in a system that uses fixed partition sizes determined at boot time, the system may divide the memory into partitions of size X, Y and Z, where Y is greater than X and Z is greater than Y. When a new program is started, and is determined to require a memory size larger than X but less than Y, then it is loaded into the first Y or Z size partition that is available. If a Z size partition is available ahead of any Y size partition, then it shall be allocated that partition. Best fit criteria works by allocating the program the smallest partition that it can fit in. In the above example, if the program is determined to require a size larger than X, but less than Z, then it shall be allocated an available Y size partition. The worst fit method allocates the program the largest partition that is big enough to hold it. In the above example, a Z size partition would be allocated. This method is impractical to use in fixed partition sizes, as it would be wasteful. In dynamic partitions, though, where partition sizes are constantly getting resized to fit programs, this allocation method leaves the largest partitions intact to accommodate other programs later on. The term virtual machine is used in three different contexts (Page 235, 328 and 343). Discuss the relation between the different definitions of a virtual machine. According to Dale and Lewis (2006), a virtual machine can be defined in three different contexts as: A hypothetical computer entity operating on a computer and running programs by interpreting Byte code. An implementation on a computer system where a user utilizes the computer resources as they would on their own computer, although in effect the resources are shared with other users in a similar environment on the same computer system. The illusion created by a timesharing system that each user has a dedicated machine. The first definition refers to an interaction between processes running on computer, for example The Java Virtual machine is a computer process running on a computer that provides a separate computer environment for the execution of Java bytecode. The second and third definitions are interconnected and are in the domain of computer system and its timesharing user environment. One is the virtual machine from the perspective of the user, who is primarily concerned with their own virtual computing environment created through the sharing of resources, e.g. a Linux terminal window. The other is as seen by the computer system itself, which is running a managerial process overseeing the administration of the timeshared resources for all the users on the system, e.g. IBMs VM/370 operating system (Creasy, 1981). Bibliography Bubble sort From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [Online] Available at:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_sort Creasy R.J 1981. The Origin of the VM/370 Time-sharing System IBM Journal of Research and Development Volume 25 No. 5 Dale N. Lewis J. 2006. Computer Science Illuminated, Third Edition Sadbury, Massachusetts: Jones Bartlett Publishers Denning, P.J et al 1989 Computing as a DisciplineComputer Volume 22, Issue 2 Pages: 63 70 Donald Knuth. The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 3: Sorting and Searching, Second Edition. Addison-Wesley, 1997. ISBN 0-201-89685-0. Section 5.3.1: Minimum-Comparison Sorting, pp.180-197. James Wiebe 2003 When One Billion does not equal One Billion, or: Why your computers disk drive capacity doesnt appear to match the stated capacity White-paper on the controversy over drive capacities Quicksort From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [Online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort Shackelford R. et al 2006 Computing Curricula 2005: The Overview Report ACM SIGCSE Bulletin Volume 38, Issue 1 Schwartzman, S. (1994). The Words of Mathematics: an etymological dictionary of mathematical terms used in English. ISBN 0-88385-511-9. tefan Porubsk: Bit. Interactive Information Portal for Algorithmic Mathematics, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic [Online] Available at: https://www.cs.cas.cz/portal/AlgoMath/ComputerScience/DataStructures/Bit.htm [Accessed on 24 February 2008] Unicode From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [Online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode

Cisco Systems, Inc. Essay - 2877 Words

Cisco Systems, Inc. was incorporated in 1984 in California’s Silicon Valley. The idea for this company came about when two Stanford University employees, a husband and wife, tried to figure out a way to stay connected throughout the day and had to overcome the technological inability to send e-mail from one building to another (â€Å"Cisco overview,† n.d.). The couple designed a multi-protocol router to communicate across campus (â€Å"Cisco overview,† n.d.). The company’s primary goal was to transform the way that people connected. Since its inception, the company has expanded its operations on a global scale, employs approximately 71,825 employees and identifies itself as â€Å"The Human Network† (Cisco Systems, Inc., 2011). A strategic audit of†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, the company’s net income decreased 16% from 2010 to $6,490,000. Therefore, Cisco was not as profitable as they were the year prior. Impressively, Cisco has still outperformed its two main competitors, Alcatel-Lucent and Juniper Networks, Inc., in the Networking and Communication Devices industry (â€Å"Competitors,† n.d.). Cisco generates the most revenue of its competitors, but spends the least on RD as a percentage of revenue (â€Å"Competitors,† n.d.).Additionally, Cisco has the highest operating profit margin amongst its competitors. Operating profit margin, â€Å"a measure of the company’s operating effectiveness,† can be calculated using figures form the income statement (Keown, Martin, Petty, 2011, p. 94). Cisco’s operating profit margin is 22.9% which means that for every dollar of sales, Cisco earned 22.9 cents in operating income. This number compared to the 18.8% operating profit margin of Juniper shows that Cisco’s management is better than Juniper’s at managing operations (Keown, Martin, Petty, 2011). Cisco’s financial performance indicates that they are an industr y leader. Cisco’s current mission is to â€Å"shape the future of the Internet by creating unprecedented value and opportunity for our customers, employees, investors, and ecosystem partners† (â€Å"Frequently,† n.d.). According to the company’s annual report, their five foundational and strategic priorities include leadership in coreShow MoreRelatedCisco Systems, Inc.548 Words   |  2 PagesCisco Systems, Inc. is an IT company that specifies in the sale of networking and communication items and solutions. It is a business-to-business company where they sell items primarily to large enterprises and telecommunications companies while also marketing items designed for small businesses and consumers such as routers, modems, and home network management software. The items and solutions target to transport data, voice and video interaction within buildings and institutions as well as aroundRead MoreCisco Systems Inc3941 Words   |  16 PagesCisco Systems I nc. INDIVIDUAL PROJECT REPORT Date Submitted November, 20, 2013 Table of Contents SUMMARY DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS 0 Products and Services Offeered 0 Global Markets Currently Served 0 Corporate Structure and Leadership Resources and Competitive Position 0 COMPANYS EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT 0 Competitors in Top Five Countries Served 0 Marktst For Company and Rivals 0 Key Success Factors for Their Market 0 COMPANYS COMPETITIVE POSITION 0 Competitive PositionRead MoreCisco Systems Inc Implementing Erp1863 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Morgridge joined Cisco as a CEO in the year 1988. The very first thing he notices in the organization was the lack of professional management team. Initiation for professional management team was the first kick off for the organization. Professional management is considered to be the foundation of any big organization and Cisco started with this thereby sticking with the fundamentals. 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Cisco sells routers, switches, internet services devises and other communication and internet related services to entity. The purpose of this paper is to explain how technology affect business especially for Cisco Systems Inc. First, the paper has a brief introductionRead MoreCisco Systems, Inc.1038 Words   |  5 PagesCompany Overview Cisco Systems, Inc. was founded in 1984 and is headquartered in San Jose, California. According to their 2014 Form 10-K Annual Report, Cisco â€Å"designs, manufactures, and sells Internet Protocol (IP) based networking products and services related to the communications and information technology industry.† Their main objective is help their customers improve growth and productivity while reducing costs and risks by connecting people, processes, data, and products through strategicRead MoreCisco Systems, Inc.1431 Words   |  6 PagesCisco Systems, Inc. A potential competitive disadvantage for Cisco is supply chain issues. 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They distributedRead MoreAnalysis Of Cisco System, Inc.2104 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Cisco System, Inc. a company which designs manufactures and sells network equipment or computer networking devices mainly Routers, Company Headquartered in San Jose, California, United states of America. Initially found by two Stanford Computer scientists in 1984. A trifold increase in usage of internet technologies during early 90’s made cisco to dominate the market crossing hundred million mark and to become one among the fortune 500, which made industrialist to foresee the

Planning Matrix - 1055 Words

The Decision Stage Analysis and intuition provide a basis for making strategy-formulation decisions. The matching techniques just discussed reveal feasible alternative strategies. Many of these strategies will likely have been proposed by managers and employees participating in the strategy analysis and choice activity. Any additional strategies resulting from the matching analyses could be discussed and added to the list of feasible alternative options. As indicated earlier in this chapter, participants could rate these strategies on a 1 to 4 scale so that a prioritized list of the best strategies could be achieved. The Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) is a high-level†¦show more content†¦Step 6 Compute the Sum Total Attractiveness Score. Add Total Attractiveness Scores in each strategy column of the QSPM. The Sum Total Attractiveness Scores reveal which strategy is most attractive in each set of alternatives. Higher scores indicate more attractive strategies, considering all the relevant external and internal factors that could affect the strategic decisions. The magnitude of the difference between the Sum Total Attractiveness Scores in a given set of strategic alternatives indicates the relative desirability of one strategy over another. Limitations of QSPM A limitation of the QSPM is that it can be only as good as the prerequisite information and matching analyses upon which it is based. Another limitation is that it requires good judgment in assigning attractiveness scores. Also, the sum total attractiveness scores can be really close such that a final decision is not clear. Like all analytical tools however, the QSPM should not dictate decisions but rather should be developed as input into the owner’s final decision. 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Risk Management Trends and Developments - 1030 Words

Risk Management Trends and Developments FIN/415 May 6, 2013 Risk Management Trends and Developments As time evolves organizations must continue to grow and evolve. The demographics and territories of organizations change as time evolves. As a result the risk management trends and developments become extremely important to the long-term success and survivability of organizations. Risk management trends exist at the corporate, business, and project levels of organizations. At each level of the risk management process stakeholders are identified and encouraged to actively participate in the process (Merna AL-Thani, 2008). This has a positive effect on any future challenges that may arise and helps insure that the risk mitigation†¦show more content†¦Negotiations were found to have different meanings in different cultures, the styles were culture dependent. 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There are regulations for state, local, and federal taxes as well as financial reporting requirements presented by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Business regulations for international organizations include an additional range of rules reg ulating international trade. Importers must deal with regulations relating to import quotas,Show MoreRelatedRisk Management Trends and Developments Paper1035 Words   |  5 Pagesthe simulation analysis, other attributes such as safety, product design, and styling, fun, product uniqueness, and engine capacity are not fundamental parameters, and not make them very useful in developing a positioning strategy. Cruiser Thorr management want to create a marketing plan that reflect positioning strategy, and the differentiation. 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