Dubai Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Dubai - Essay ExampleAt the macro level there is yet another destine of activities including the changes and modifications to existing infrastructures and the organizing of the solution through to the end (Henderson, 1988). Event management industry is necessarily entwined here with the event to such an extent that all consequential and subsequent strategic decision choices available down the phone line from the planning consultant to the manager are headstrong by the very structural dimensions and contingency imperatives. spell many stakeholders internal and external would show an equally great amount of interest in the victorious outcome of the urban planning process, there can still be countervailing interests that seek to prevail oer the rest. The degree of influence that for each one stakeholder group has on the next outcome of the planning process is determined by a number of internal and external factors such as the social, economic and political problems of each stake holder group and a possible assessment of costs and benefits arising from the level of planning (Hoevel, 2007). Stakeholders such as citizens, buck private business organizations, contractors, suppliers, government concerns, property developers, foreigners working and residing in Dubai, condominium dwellers, local government authorities and so on all have a stake in such outcomes. Though Post-Fordist influences can be seen in Dubai to a certain extent its the single urban model of structure that Alonso, Muth and mill about advocated in the 1960s is visible everywhere in Dubai.The City of Dubai, unlike many other warmheartedness Eastern countries, is located at the heart of the Gulf for all commercial purposes. Overall this analysis focuses on the urban planning methodologies, infrastructure and structural flexibility intended to engender systematic and constant offset of the City over the years to come. Such huge urban planning activity necessitates

Schistosomiasis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Schistosomiasis - Term Paper Exampleal 2013). cardinal part of the world that has been seriously affected by various types of disorders lowlife be said to be Africa and one common disease that is found in the tropical segments of this continent is Schistosomiasis. What is Schistosomiasis? Schistosomiasis is more than popularly cognize as bilharzia or snail fever and refers to several parasitic ailments (The Carter Center, 2013). The anatomy is derived from the fact that the parasitic diseases can be caused by a spell of trematodes species that belong to a genus known as Schistosoma (Thetiot-Laurent et. al 2013). It is also called snail fever because snails happen to act as intermediaries amidst hosts (that is, hosts that argon categorized under mammals.). The snails can be said to carry the disease and affect those who whitethorn come into contact with them or their surrounding environment such as small water bodies (Crichton-Harris, 2009). The infected snails contaminate t he water that they are in and when this water is used by an individual, they open themselves up to the casualty of getting infected. Its contraction through contaminate water is one of the reasons that this disease is a problem in Africa as many individuals from rural regions do non get access to sanitized water and consequently are at a greater risk of being infected due to their environment. Non-sanitized water is a big problem in many parts of Africa and thus diseases such as bilharzia have a greater transmission rate as compared to separate regions in the world (James et. al 2006). In most cases schistosomiasis is a chronic illness that can have a serious result on those who contract it. The disease has the capability to damage the internal organs of an individual if the disease is not treated quickly. Schistosomiasis can also have serious consequences for children as they face the risk of cognitive development impairment and growth can sometimes be affected as well (Jame s et. al 2006). Some forms of schistosomiasis such as urinary schistosomiasis join on the risks for an individual with regard to other diseases such as bladder cancer (Strickland, 2006). Signs and Symptoms There are a number of symptoms that one can look for to identify whether an individual has been infected with the parasitic disease. Some of the symptoms that an individual may suffer from complicate physical aspects such as suffering from diarrhea, fever and a cough. The individual may also grow abdominal pains as well as fatigue when they have not been very bustling (Botros et. al 2005). During the initial stages of the infection, the individual may suffer from mild itching where the body came into contact with the contaminated water. These symptoms can be confused for something else or even overlooked all together thus it is inhering that individuals living in areas where they are under risk of infection be vigilant in ensuring that they are able to detect the disease duri ng its early stages. As the disease progresses there are a number of symptoms that enter into the fray of action but will require medical tests to be identified. These symptoms include an increase in the individuals white blood cells in the body (Thetiot-Laurent et. al 2013). Organs such as the liver and the spleen may also turn out enlarged as the disease progresses. Urinary schistosomiasis may also result in the development of sores in the genital area. This is one of the more serious symptoms as the lesions that are developed in that area

Peppermint Candy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Peppermint glaze - Essay ExampleThe events of the movie coincide with the actual events in the history books. Yeong-Ho, an emergency military subdivision fights the uprising as a soldier. He serves the dictatorial government and tends to uphold the orthodox practice of dictatorship. Yeong-Ho kills a schoolchild. In the real world, the dictatorial military fought against the uprising. This led to mass murder and accidental deaths of innocent bystanders in the same m span depicted by the movie. Historiography as evident in Peppermint candy serves a crucial role in the society by highlighting the concepts of consciousness and mind. Organizations, governments, individuals and families can picture the motivation behind specific actions by gathering mental experiences within a given sentence in a process known as consciousness. Additionally, as one studies the mind of an individual, it becomes simple to detect the reasons behind specific actions especially dictatorship. Yeong-Ho tor tures the uprising captives. The captives are in bad shape as seen in their health. The national historic attack of 1980 where the dictatorial government deployed more than 20,000 troops in Gwanju, documents that many plurality died, some others survived with severe physical or mental impairments while others permanently separated with their family members. The unsettled conscience of Yeong Ho as he transforms from innocence to brutality is clear. However, the perpetrator indicates the universal struggles of South Korean citizens at the time of the dictatorial rule and subsequent attacks. Peppermint Candy story begins in 1970. Soyoung Yeong-Ho emerges as the main theatrical role to join the military system of the land. Prior to this stopover, people were mostly peaceful though there were other earlier uprisings. This accurately depicts that the countries were calm before the Gwanju uprising gained momentum and the country fell into internal wars and walloping of its own citizen s. The movie properly describes the dictatorial ideologies and structures employed by the existing government. The claims of upholding anti-communism ideas allowed the dictatorial military to bring to pass their unjustified and inhumane attack on citizens. According to history, later the Korean War, South Korea marked northbound Korea as its enemy due to its communist ideas. The south forged a National Security legal philosophy to foster national security. However, this served to provide a platform for the dictatorial government to classify various kind groups that poses threats such as labor societies and advocators of democracy. It is evident that enemies of the state experienced imprisonment, detention, torture and death. The movie portrays this fact because the raids were not secretive and soldiers were not worried about their actions because the National Security Law protected them. Soyoung Yeong-Ho takes the audience with the military brutal operations because he is a pe rpetrator himself. According to Soyoung (63) while the movie describes the period as time of ice war, arctic war was taking place. The worlds cold war was characterized by economic race. This was a period of financial crises across parts of Europe that reflected on Asian countries. Korea hit its highest peak of financial trouble in 1997, six years after the regular armys cold war allegedly ends. The timelines in the movie coincide with the actual IMF crises that befell the country after the cold

Gender Bias at Birth Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Gender Bias at induce - Research Paper ExampleDuring 1990 Amartya Sen conducted a research named More than 100 million women are absentminded and figured out that there is a variation between the cosmos of females in Western nations and east nations (Sen 1). She dismantle figured out that in nations that fall in the regions of Asia and Africa face the issue of lower give rate of female gender than male gender. She counterbalance asserts that accepted Asian nations such as japan are experiencing women majority population while others that are less developed such as Pakistan and India bang male majority in the society. She further figured out that certain regions of India, the female population is in the majority and in other regions the male population is in majority. The most common reasons cited for decreased women population in an Eastern nation is that Eastern nations are sexist. Amartya argues that this is not true since there are certain Eastern nations such as Japan th at have a women majority. A similar research was conducted by Sucharita Sinha Mukherjee named Womens Empowerment and Gender Bias in the Birth and Survival of Girls in Urban India, in this research she figured out that the previously held view that as development arises, biases towards female birth and anti-feminists intend the decline is incorrect (Mukherjee 26). The police detective figured out that census of India has failed to accurately account for females in the nation. She even figured out that even during the census of 2001 sex selection at birth still occurs. The researcher focused on discrimination at birth in the context of gender still prevails even in the fast developing urban regions of India and the previously held view that this kind of discrimination only arises in underdeveloped nations is flawed. The researcher even figured out that rich families of India prefer birth of females as this does not cause the issue of inheritance.

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Business Ethics - Essay ExampleThe pure theories of morality reveal an extreme characteristic, and they are traditional. Neither complete dedication towards pull in nor total social service would help any business line in the present scenario. In the modern days the hybrid theories of ethics are the most prevalent. It is when ethics has to be fol minusculeed and profits have to be saved. Andy has to prioritise tasks but buttocksnot eliminate any aspect because both(prenominal) are significant. He and his team have to assist nodes in handling the chocolate cups and lids. Suppliers need to be informed regarding the latest occurrences, and employees should be involved in decision-making. Organisations following ethics not only to pull out profits, but also deliver excellent services to customers, serve the society and make their employees proud. Ethical plight Faced by Andy This study is based on the theme of business ethics in hospitality or tourism. The aim of this study is to discuss and evaluate the case study of Global Coffee House, possess by Andy, and analyse the good quandarys that Andy had to face. This will also assist in identifying what probable solutions he could identify, and what were the implications of such consideration. It was found that collect to poor quality of hot cups and lids a customer was badly burnt due to coffee spill. The customer was taken to hospital and John, Andys assistant, apologised. However Andy was in ethical dilemma by and by knowing the matter because they engaged a new supplier to offer hot cups and lids at low cost, so as to decrease cost and support the expense of refurbishment. Andy was in dilemma, whether to offer good cups and lids to customer even if it is costly, as this will assist in avoiding mishaps. On the other hand if he supports profit making strategy then cost reduction decision was correct. He was facing mental interlocking about which one to consider. Such situation is also known as ethic al paradox. In Andys case customer safety was equally important as refurbishment because Nancy already had a first-degree burn. Moreover, thither were thousands of unused cups and lids in the storeroom and they had also made a contract with the supplier. Possible Decisions and their Implications Andy was into ethical dilemma because he cannot decide whether to dismiss thousands of cups and lids in storage and the contract with the new supplier, for protecting the goodwill of his coffee shop and the customers from accidents, or to ignore it. There were several options for him, which can be better explained with the help of ethical theories. According to the theory of Adam Smith, competitors always take undue advantage of the weaknesses of other players in the industry. capitalist economy theory also supports the fact that profitability is everything in business, and there is no room for ethics here. heretofore the theory stated by Karl Max emphasises on profit maximisation. Followin g the above mentioned theories, Andy should ignore the accident thinking that it was just a mishap, and will not happen again, and then the suppliers would be happy, refurbishment can be done. In case Socialism theory is chosen, then product safety would be antecedence as social welfare comes first. Following such ethical theory, Andy would ethically choose to consider customer safety. Apart from this, his relationship with the

When an American Meets an Arab Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

When an American Meets an Arab - Essay ExampleMoreover, I similarly intend to evaluate these experiences of mine in the light of the knowledge and insights extended by the theorists like Hofstede and Hall.I would specifically like to narrow my personal experiences around the communication approaches and the accompanying differences that turned out into a mutually funny and humorous situation, when we had the first meeting with a group of US business delegates, at UAE. I worked as a junior omnibus with a UAE based Telecom Company. From the very start, it was perspicuous to me that our guests were not conversant with the Arab cultural orientation. Things were not so conducive on our side also. Most of our managers were expecting the Americans to be straightforward, task-oriented and punctual, based on the cursory experiences they had acquired on their short vacations to the US (Klein & Kuperman 2008).The meeting took place in a hotel and the initial interactions were marked by the c ustomary exchange of pleasantries. Our team comprised of seven members with a elderly manager acting as the team leader, while the American delegation comprised of six people, two of which were women. The meeting was meant to address the issues pertaining to a proposed technological collaboration between the two firms.The American head extended his hand to our senior manager and I must say his shiver was firm and strong. In contrast, our managers handshake was gentle and prolonged. It was obvious that the guest intended to end the handshake, but our manager kept on quietly holding his hand for a few more seconds while exchanging courtesies. The consternation was quite obvious on the faces of our guest and the American delegates. To me who was aware that the Americans doubted the sexual orientation of my manager, going by his prolonged and gentle handshake, it was acquire difficult to hold laughter.

Investigation of Sustainable Tourism and its Role in Tourism Planning Essay

Investigation of sustainable touristry and its Role in Tourism Planning and Development - Essay ExampleThus, a sustainable touristry aspect essentially tries to ramp up the optimal use of the physical and environmental resources available in the host destinations because this constructs the basic element of an ethically and morally compliant tourism sector. Also, sustainable tourism involves the maintenance of the essential environment and ecological processes and actively acts towards the conservation of the cultural heritage, biodiversity and natural heritage of the host destination, shows adequate respect to the identification and the socio cultural legitimacy of the tourism destination, conserves the living traditional values and contributes to the environmental and social development, enhances the intercultural tolerance and understanding of the benefits for the location. Sustainable tourism is also necessary because it helps to build up a more dynamic and efficient tourism sector by ensuring long term and viable operations and by providing various types of social and scotch benefits to the key stakeholders of the industry. These benefits include the creation of income earning and employment opportunities, provision of social services to the local communities and contributions for poverty lessening and economic value creation for the respective destinations.The development of a sustainable tourism is critical to stop up that the negative impacts of the conventional tourism industry are restrained by the entities functioning in the tourism sector. The tourism developments should necessarily be planned in a sustainable manner because the need for sustainability and contour with the environmental and ethical standards and requirements have become the buzzword for achieving competiveness and ensuring success in the dynamic and intensely competitive global tourism environment (Mowforth and Munt, 2003). Another reason why tourism developments are to

Case Study on network solution Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On network solution - Case Study ExampleThe cisco Unified Wireless Network allows efficacious running and monitoring of a combination of mobile packages from the dental offices while keeping a tink on practitioners who tend to their clients from homes. The dentists may carry along the Cisco Wireless IP 7921 phones to monitor their patients, think of their state, and fill in medical records from the remote places. The remote application offers superior accuracy, feasibility, and security of the patients status. Dentists enjoy real time data access and entry. They can use the automated medical statements via receiving set devices such as laptops and portable computers. Remotely ope positiond X-ray machines attend to patients from the comfort of their homes. Hand operated scanners also fill-in the screening and examination while enabling efficient access to patient records and prescription. Since the patients have personalized barcodes, dentists be able to recover and revise clini cal reports at once by searching through the codes. The Cisco Wireless Network is set to raise communication levels within the departments at the hospital, thus enhancing starting signal rate patient precautions and workforce employee contentment (Pahlavan & Krishnamurthy, 2009). 2. Identify the information that is to be protected and the related security requirements HIPAA holds an in depth account of requisites for the utilization or release of confidential or protected health information. defend units may only utilize and release PHI as allowed by HIPAA and other restrictive bodies and state bylaws. Generally, the offstage units at the dental dispensary may use PHI, regardless of exceptional consent from a patient. wellness concern operations consist of undertakings such as quality reassurance, peer analysis, guidance, and business development procedures. Prior to the first examination of the patients, the dentist must present them with a Notice of Privacy Practices explainin g the steps concerning future annex of their health information and the extent of liberties they can enjoy in respect to the PHI. After an Electronic Health Record (EHR) is put into practice, there are also requirements that facilitate disclosures for TPO (Pahlavan & Krishnamurthy, 2009). 3. Identify the types of network(s), components, devices, and equipment that would be involved in meeting the needs of the stationary offices and the mobile dentists Location database within the Cisco Unified Wireless Network, the sign hop router gets packages for the remote clients through the routing code operating on the given network and pushes them through a trunk into the WLC. All WLC maintain a file of remote clients as they travel between the APs consort to them. In portable IP, the Home Agent (HA) holds the local database. Move discovery if the wireless users move to a fresh AP, they have to depend on the alternate configuration to be accessed by the remote network. The tie-in packets are pushed forward to the WLC through the association process stage to mark out the wireless user and his new position (AP), where the wireless client is trying to connect. The data is utilized by WLC to renew its location database (the WLC mobility database). Where the client may have strayed into a new WLC, the initial WLC linked to the remote customer presents packets direct towards the wireless client to the isolated WLC. In Mobile IP, the user subscribing to the wireless network may not give HA any

Persuasive Presentations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Persuasive Presentations - Essay ExampleFor most writers, thats presenting information, usually to an audience thats about as familiar on the subject as we are. (Anthony 45-57) For presentations, thats a lethal combination. Factual information presented at a highschool level of technical expertise not only doesnt persuade, but may actually alienate the reader.For thousands of years, multitude pick up tried to figure out the best way to persuade other sight to do things. We know that persuasion has been the subject of serious study since the days of classical Greece. Plato worried about the rhapsodes dexterity to appeal to citizens emotions and persuade them to do things that were not in the best of interest of the city or themselves. And Aristotle wrote nonpareil of the great treatises on persuasion. (Rasmussen 23-36) Among the Romans the ability to persuade was considered a hallmark of responsible citizenship. Since World War II, researchers have worked particularly hard to i dentify the elements of persuasion. Why They have some practical motives improving advertising and marketing campaigns, motivating audiences, influencing the electorate, girding consumers and voters against propaganda, understanding the dynamics of brainwashing, and- yes- writing better presentations. From all this speculation and research, four elements have systematically been a vital part of nearly every theory of persuasion the message, the receiver, the channel, and the source. (Daley 79-83) Giving them some reflection ordain give us a deeper understanding of the process of persuasion. Message The impact of your message depends in part on whether the receiver is receptive to it to begin with. If the evidence or logic in a particular persuasive message is in line with the audiences basic values, effects, or biases, the receiver is more presumable to accept it and modify his or her attitudes accordingly. If the evidence runs counter to the receivers basic beliefs, persuasi on is far less probably to occur. Thus, the way you frame your message with regard to your audiences preferences is critical. That may seem circular You can persuade people to accept only the things they already accept or to do the things they already want to do. But thats not quite whats going on here. (Holcombe 112-24) There is a difference between a belief and an attitude. soulfulness may issue an RFP for new equipment because he or she believes that production efficiency can be change by using more modern technology. If you can base your presentation on the same belief and then demonstrate how your equipment go away introduce labor-saving enhancements, the receivers attitude toward you as the most suitable vendor will change in a positive way. However, if you send out a canned presentation, one that emphasizes the gruffness and durability of your machines, instead of their impact on production efficiency, you will be not be addressing the clients basic belief. (Anthony 45-5 7) As a result, you may not persuade him or her to choose you. This is the fundamental problem in submitting boilerplate presentations. Because customers vary widely in their beliefs and values, using the same text for everybody guarantees that a large percentage of them will find your message irrelevant or unconvincing. Receiver The receiver is a vital component of

Marketing Management - marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Management - merchandise plan - Essay ExamplePrior to the study finishing and business recommendation, the forecasted sales on behalf of apple and Vodaf superstar leave be discussed.Apples iPhone is considered as one of the fastest- cuckolding telecommunications harvest-tide as part of the history. (news.com.au, 2007) In line with the different countries with the legal right to sell iPhone, Apple had chosen a iodine phone network to exclusively provide the service for the iPhone handset.During the first buns of 2008, Apple made a confirmation that iPhone will be released in Australian market indoors the year. (Lake, 2008) Recently, Vodafone has announced that the company will be selling Apples iPhone to customers all over Australia during the depart quarter of the year with the condition that customers will be required to use the Vodafone network. (Vodafone, 2008a & 2008b) However, Vodafone did not specify whether the state agreement that was signed between the com pany and Apple was exclusive or not. (Moses, 2008) In case the constringe between Vodafone and Apple was not exclusive, there is a possibility for Telstra and Optus to have the priviledge of selling the iPhone to Australian market.As part of Apples main business objective, signing a contract with a single phone network in each of its target country will enable Apple to sell a large quantity of iPhone within the shortest period of time. For this study, the researcher will develop a marketing plan for Apple iPhone in Australia. In the process of conducting the study, the researcher will first describe the product followed by studing the market segmentation for iPhone.Based on the demographic profile of its target consumers, the researcher will define the potential market size for the said product. Using the PESTLE framework, the researcher will examing and hit the books the external factors that may affect the

Debate Topic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Debate Topic - Research write up ExampleMany developing countries had not covered medicines and pharmaceutical products, because of its disadvantages to generic wine medicate research and production. multinational Corporations (MNCs) should manufacture cheap generic vitality saving drugs for poor countries or give up their patents to others who motive to make generic drugs, because it will save millions of lives, allow development of generic and patent-less drugs, and breed innovation. The poor arrive the right to free or cheaper generic drugs and MNCs should not hinder them from getting the pharmaceutical products they need. The pros of cheap generic life saving drugs or giving up drug patents are 1) Millions of lives are saved, 2) Other drug companies can develop cheaper drugs or patent-less drugs that will benefit the public, and 3) Large companies will benefit from innovation, because they will no longer have to depend on their blockbuster products for revenues, and instea d, they will be pushed to develop generic life saving drugs. Boseley reports about Glaxo which stopped Africans from buying a cheaper version of its AIDS Drugs. It is an inhumane act, because South Africa provided wants to do something right- to help its own people, which large drug MNCs are not looking after.

Management in the News paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management in the News - Research Paper ExampleHowever, from the period of 2007 Grady monument Hospital the charitable and training institution in Atlanta started suffering from a huge pecuniary crisis. The huge financial crisis amounting to millions of dollars affected the operations of the hospital. However, the local and the national g overnment have not interpreted any significant steps to help the hospital revive from the crisis. (Dewan & Sack, 2008)The Grady Memorial Hospital based in Atlanta sh atomic number 18 a nostalgic relationship with many Americans who have risen to higher positions in the country. In fact, the Grady Memorial Hospital had been the first home in the world to many people living in the region of Atlanta. The hospital observed to be a charitable face caring for a host of immigrants, prisoners and low income groups is suffering from a financial crisis from the 2007 period. Management operations in the hospital are being carried on through a system of sm all financial packages obtained from various sources. The case of Grady earns comparison to other health organizations based in different areas of the United States like Memphis, Chicago and Miami. However, the magnitude of financial crisis has led Grady to surpass the distressful situation of around 1,300 hospitals operating in United States. The financial crisis loomed over Grady for the hospital operated on a traditional approach which failed to generate sufficient funds to help the organization carry out its operations in an extensive manner. Grady Memorial Hospital renders maximum focus in the treatment of the patients belonging to the uninsured and immigrant groups. Moreover, the amounts received from the end of the insured patients also fail to suffice in meeting the operational costs. Further, the Grady Memorial Hospital faces huge competition from other private players operating in the health care arena of the country. The private hospitals and other non-profit health orga nizations earned high popularity in successfully rendering

Raw materials transport costs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Raw materials bear bes - Essay ExampleCarriage inwards are the be that are incurred as a burden of transporting raw materials into a firm, these comprises should be added to the value of goods purchased, and this means that the cost of raw materials should take the value of the goods purchased plus the transportation be incurred by the firm in transporting these raw materials. Carriage external is the cost of transportation of final or finished goods to the customer these costs are set as expenses and whence are recorded in the take in and loss account as an expense. whence from the above countersign on the cost of transportation which are carriage inward and outward it is evident that carriage inward which is the cost incurred in transporting raw materials into the firm should be included in the valuation of inventory and therefore require that they are added to the cost of raw materials, carriage outward which is the transportation of goods to the customer should be tr eated as an expense and therefore should not be included in the valuation of inventory.Work in keep is a term used to goods that are not yet finished goods, their value is included in the valuation of inventory, overhead costs are those costs that cannot be accountly traced to a particular products typesetters case rent and security costs, these costs are assigned to the product development an appropriate method whereby their cost is assigned to cost objects. Work in submit is omend by adding up the direct materials costs, direct advertize costs and the overhead costs, the overhead costs are assigned to the unit of production using an appropriate method, example the overhead costs at Lehman ltd are assigned to products using machine hours. smash-up costs should be included in the valuation of inventory, the costs of produced goods should include direct materials, direct labor costs and overhead costs, in this case the following overheads are includedFactory rent, rates and redress 50,000 sales office expenses 240,000 factory security 30,000 factory heat, light and power 450,000 sales commissions and selling costs 120,000 depreciation of machinery 230,000 depreciation of sales force vehicles 70,000 total 1,190,000 The overhead costs are assigned to products on the basis of machine hours and in this case it is evident that there were myriad machine hours, however euchre machine hours are included in work in progress, therefore for the finished goods have utilise 9500 machine hours.For the finished goods the following overhead cost should be assign to each product1,190,000/9500 = 125.26Therefore each finished good should be assigned 125.26 per machine hour it consumes.For the work in progress they have consumed 500 machine hours, should be assigned the overhead cost depending on a dowry set, example the company may decide that for the work in progress the overhead costs allow be assigned at 50%, if this is the case the work in progress overhead cost will be 62.63 per machine hour.Finished goodsThe table below summarizes the cost incurred by these goods and some costs that the goods may incurred, the following table summarizes the gross profit that will be gained as a result of modification and sale of these products.Stock LineA ()B()C()selling price500002000022000Costs incurred to date400001000015000modification costs1000040004000marketing costs500040005000cost of production550001800024000gross profit-50002000-2000We calculate the cost of production by adding up all the cost that the goods have incurred and those that are to be icnured, to make believe gross profit we subtract cost of production from the selling price which in this case stands for the tax that is to be gained, the gross profit for product A and C is negative while product B has a positive gross profit. Therefore product B will gain a profit and therefore it is best to modify and sell the product, for the other product the firm may

The Business Proposal on ArabTV.com Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Business Proposal on ArabTV.com - Essay ExampleA significant look of people today use the internet to help them meet several fates such as shopping, employment chances, meeting their social needs, as well as for entertainment purposes such as watch movies or watching their favorite TV shows (Lescher 2008, p. 56). Consequently, creating a website that alters people to watch their favorite Arabic movies and TV shows is quite a great business idea because it is aimed at making the lives of people easier as they volition be fitted to satisfy their entertainment needs through online. The uniqueness of this return is that it resulting enable clients to watch only the high quality Arabic television shows and movies right on their computer. And the most Copernican and good thing concerning this service is that consumers have the chance of getting the quality programming and Arabic movies that will be appropriate for every person either within a family set up or as a group of fr iends. Furthermore, another unique or the difference of this services is that, unlike the pattern TV tuning, these Arabic channels will provide viewers the specific shows that they want to have and win over them right on their desktop. This website will ensure that it meets the various needs of the people ranging from entertainment channels, educational Arabic TV channels, Arabic music, programs on Arabic TV programs on home improvement, as well as relevant business programs for business people. The website excessively aims at providing several channels that show Arabic movies. This implies that a person may have a complete day of movie marathon particularly if he or she is a movie enthusiast who is presently on a day off and honourable desire to relax watching movies especially Arabic movies without renting DVDs. Generally, creating a website for Arabic movies and TV shows will provide consumers with all the television shows and movies that they want and even set up for their p reference. As long as they choose this website, they will get the best providers for give way value in terms of service and features (Strangelove 2010, p. 45). This will ensure consumers high quality Arabic movies and TV shows experience for a long period of condemnation. With this service in place, a considerable number of problems will be solved. For instance, it will promote the lives of those people without televisions in their homes to eff Arabic television shows online. It will also simplify and help people save time in the process of searching for a place to rent DVDs containing Arabic movies, as well as save on the money spend on renting those movies. This is because as long as a person is able to access the internet, he or she will be in a better position to watch any Arabic television show of his choice, as well as enjoy his favorite Arabic movies at any time and at a favorable cost. It will also be advantageous particularly to those individuals who have membership card s with the website as they will be able to watch quality Arabic movies and TV shows all time once they pay their membership fee, which are quite affordable. In order for this proposal on creating a website to be accomplished successfully, there is need of employing different technologies such as standardized mark up that could either be hand coded or produced by editing software. Proprietary software founded on

MATLAB Dynamics & Control Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

MATLAB Dynamics & Control - Assignment ExampleFurthermore, both the date constant and dead time vary with the size of the step-change. The process gain is affected but it is affected only in half(a) of the cases (see Concentration A, see below). Select a set of dynamic process constants resulting from one of the step-changes that you have tested, and occasion these to calculate initial values for the constants in each of the three different interpretler equations (P, PI & PID). comparative control It is simple, provides rapid adjustment of the manipulated variable (MV). Does not provide zero smuggler, although the error is reduced (E0). It extend speeds in the dynamic response. It burn cause instability if improperly tuned.Integral control It is simple, achieves zero offset (E=0). It provides adjusts the manipulated variable (MV) in a slower manner than the proportional mode this can lead to ugly dynamic performance. It can cause instability if improperly tuned.Derivative con trol It is simple. It does not influence the last-place steady-state value of the error (E). It provides rapid correction based on the rate of change of the controlled variable (CV). It can cause undesirable high-frequency variation in the manipulated variable (MV). Once you have chosen your optimal control scheme, justify why you have selected it. You can use various methods of assessing controller performance in assure to reach your decision rise time, peak overshoot ratio, decay ratio, settling time, IAE, ISE, ITAE. You are not expect to use all of these, but at least two should be used and compared with each separate in relation to optimizing your controller constants. Test your control loop for its ability to cope with a disquiet (e.g. in the concentration of feed chemical, or the temperature of the cooling water), and also for its ability to move the process to a new operating region by making a step-change to the set-point (i.e.

Discourse on the Method by Rene Descartes Essay Example for Free

Discourse on the mode by Rene Descartes EssayDiscourse on the Method is Descartes attempt to explain his method of debate through and through even the most difficult of problems. He illustrates the develop ment of this method through brief autobiographical sketches interspersed with philosophical arguments.Part 1 contains various considerations concerning the cognitions. First, all people possess good sense, the efficacy to distinguish the true from fiction. Therefore, it is not a lack of ability that obstructs people but their failure to follow the correct way of life of thought. The use of a method can elevate an average mind above the rest, and Descartes considered himself a common thinker improved by the use of his method. Descartes benefited from a superior education, but he believed that book learning also clouded his mind. After leaving school, he set off traveling to learn from the expectant book of the world with an unclouded mind. He comes to the conclusion th at all people get down a indispensable light that can be obscured by education and that it is as important to canvass oneself as it is to study the world.In part 2, Descartes describes his revelation in the stove-heated room. Contemplating various subjects, he hits on the idea that the works of individuals ar superior to those perceived by committee because an individuals work follows one plan, with all elements working toward the uniform end. He considers that the science he learned as a boy is likely flawed because it consists of the ideas of many different men from various eras.Keeping in mind what he has learned of logic, geometry, and algebra, he sets down the following rules (1) to neer believe anything unless he can prove it himself (2) to reduce every problem to its simplest parts (3) to always be orderly in his thoughts and proceed from the simplest part to the most difficult and (4) to always, when solving a problem, create a long chain of reasoning and leave nothin g out. He immediately finds this method effective in solving problems that he had found too difficult before. Still fearing that his own misconceptions might be acquire in the way of pure reason, he decides to systematically eliminate all his wrong opinions and use his unfermented method exclusively.In part 3, Descartes puts forth a provisional moral code to live by whilerethinking his views (1) to obey the rules and customs of his country and his religion and never take an extreme opinion (2) to be decisive and stick with his decisions, even if some doubts linger (3) to try to change himself, not the world and (4) to bear witness all the professions in the world and try to figure out what the best one is. Not surprising, Descartes determines that reasoning and searching for the truth is, if not the highest calling, at least extremely useful. For many years after his revelation, Descartes traveled widely and gained a reputation for wisdom, then retired to examine his thoughts in solitude.In part 4, Descartes offers proofs of the existence of the mortal and of God. Contemplating the nature of dreams and the unreliability of the senses, he becomes aware of his own process of thinking and realizes it is proof of his existence I think, therefore I exist (Cogito ergo sum). He also concludes that the instinct is separate from the body found on the unreliability of the senses as compared with pure reason. His own doubts lead him to believe that he is imperfect, yet his ability to conceive of perfection indicates that something perfect must exist outside of himnamely, God. He reasons that all good things in the world must stem from God, as must all clear and distinct thoughts.Part 5 moves from discussion of a theory of light to theories about human anatomy. Descartes considers the fact that animals have many of the same organs as humans yet lack powers of speech or reason. He takes this difference to be evidence of humankinds rational soul. He considers the mys terious connection of the soul to the body and concludes that the soul must have a life outside the body. Therefore it must not die when the body dies. Because he cannot conceive of a way that the soul could perish or be killed, he is forced to conclude that the soul is immortal.In part 6, Descartes cautiously touches on possible conflicts with the church over his ideas about physical science. Finally, he implores his readers to read carefully, apologizes for writing in French rather than Latin, and vows to shun fame and fortune in the name of prosecute truth and knowledge.

Milk and Supermarkets Essay Example for Free

Milk and Super securities industrys EssayIntroduction In recent years, the relationship between supermarkets with UK farmers that called oligopsony is a heated topic in the society. Some people holdup the view that the advantages of oligopsony everywhereweigh those disadvantages. Nevertheless, others believed that it is one way that UK farmers controlled by the supermarkets. It is natural that people come from different backgrounds pass on contrive various attitudes to the same issue. In the report, the advantages and disadvantages of oligopsony for both supermarkets and UK farmers are discussed. In addition, nowadays the supermarkets in the UK in decree to cast up the profit, they use different types of marketing methods. Such as intense toll competition, faithfulness schemes and provides non-food products and service. The small retailers were influence by those marketing methods excessively reported as follows. 1. 0 Oligopsony Oligopsony is similar to an oligopoly (fe w sellers), this is a market in which there are only a few large buyers for a product or service. This allows the buyers to exert a great deal of control over the sellers and outhouse fixively drive consume expenditures.(www. investopedia. com A good example of an oligopsony would be the UK supermarket industry, in which a small number of large buyers (such as Asda, Tesco, and Sainsburys) control the UK farm market. Such control allows these supermarkets chains to dictate the price they pay to farmers. 1. 1 The effect on supermarkets According to the BBC advanceds (http//news. bbc. co. uk), Tesco account the UK supermarkets portion is 31. 6%, Asda took over 17% in the UK supermarkets share, which is stratified second. The third volumedgest one is Sainsburys, which accounted 15.8%. (Appendix 1) The total percent of big three supermarkets took over more(prenominal) than 50% in all the UK supermarket industry. These supermarkets owned market power in cardinal ways which are change to consumers (oligopoly power) and buying from producers (oligopsony power). in another words, It centre that the few firms view as considerable market power in paying low price for in honks and makes it more difficult for the farmers to make a profit. For example, a big supermarket could cut back with a dairy farm producer that the big one will buy all of product.The farmer agree with the contract and started to bring out the dairy to the big supermarket. Nevertheless, maybe the supermarket pay less and less later, and the farmer conscionable can accepted lower price because the farmer produce too much dairy to supply to the big supermarket and it is not too easy to find a new buyers. Farmers who produced milk, vegetables, or other unpolished products have limited choice range, because in the UK, virtually of agricultural goods are bought by the big supermarkets. Oligposony gives the big supermarkets negotiate power in use lower prices with farmers.In this relations hip, the big supermarkets have the absolute advantages over the farmers. They can made it potential that lower the price of agricultural goods, so that these supermarkets can give a reasonable price for the nodes which will help the big supermarkets improve the competition with others competitors. In addition, they in any case can ask the special requirements for the product quality, the farmers are controlled and forced to accept a lower price of their product. 1. 2 The effect on the farmers.Oligopsony this relationship between supermarkets with UK farmers is escorts the agricultural goods can sell to the big supermarkets. Famers have the fix buyers so they are need not worry about to find new buyers. However, due to most agricultural goods are bought by big supermarkets, the farmers have less choice. Famers used to have some bargaining power on the basis of seasonality. Because there are other competitors, they do not know what price has been offered by other producers and thi s forced them to offer their produce at a low price to ensure a sale. Especially the perishable foods.The supermarkets dictate not only how much they will pay, but likewise how the produce will be packaged, stored and delivered. (www. corporatewatch. com) The small number of companies dominating both dairy processing (currently sextuplet processors control 93% of the industry) and retailing (six supermarkets control 65% of liquid milk and 70-85% of dairy produce sales) means that there is a significant imbalance of market power in the UK dairy sector.. (Supermarkets under acquit, February, 2003). It is easy to know that supermarkets have power in dairy industry in the UK.though supermarkets have brought buying power to the dairy farmers, however, the big supermarkets in order to increased their power in the dairy sector, they developed own brand milk products. Since 1995, the price of fresh milk has declined supermarkets have maintained their interchange price and increased thei r profits at expense of both farmers and consumers over the same period. (Appendix 2) The National Farmers sum of money has been particularly concerned about the plight of the UKs dairy farmers. They claim that of the ? 1. 70 which a supermarket customer may pay for two liters of milk, less than 50p will go to the farmers.(http//www. anformeresources. com) Charles Peers who are an Oxford shire organic farmer, he has said There are two hundred thousand farmers, dealing with, basically speaking, three supermarkets, two grain merchants, four fertiliser companies. Not a chance.. Theyve got power, real power. From these, we can seen that oligopsony made it is possible that the farmers are forced to accepted a low price to sell their products, and the big supermarkets such as Tesco, Asda or Sainsburys are have the power in the UK market. 2. 0 How the supermarket to boost profits.In the noncurrent 40 years, the small fencesitter shops shifted to huge supermarket chains. In 1960 small i ndependent retailers had a 60% share of the food retail market. By 2000, their share was reduced to 6% while the multiples share increased to 88%. (Institute of Grocery Distribution, Grocery Retailing 2002) Andrew Simms, who works for the New Economics Foundation, says that we are witnessing the death of small and independent retailers and new retail feudalism is emerging as a handful of brands take over our shopping. (http//www. corporatewatch. org.uk).Though the supermarkets have the market power in the UK, as a business organization, how to increase the profit is the archetypal thing should be considered. In recent years, the huge supermarket chains use various types of marketing methods to increase the profit and the loyalty. Such price competition, loyalty schemes and provide non-food products and service. Supermarkets use various ways to convey price information to consumers, The price promotions including price reduction, a percentage discount, a voucher. In 2009, there was a new price war among the big supermarkets in the UK.Tesco planned to launch a new advertising campaign, which will compare the cost of customers baskets of shopping against the prices of its competitors. (http//www. belfasttelegraph. co. uk) Asda has already hold a new wave of discount on thousands of products that including fresh food and household products. And 100 frozen food products and 200 everyday health and kayo lines, such as shampoo and deodorant, would be sold for ? 1. (http//www. belfasttelegraph. co. uk) Andy Bond, the retailers president and chief administrator officer, said 2009 is going to be a very difficult year.Sainsburys, the third biggest supermarket in the UK, also united the price war, Vowing to grow its Basics range to more than 600 products by the end of January, The supermarket said more than one-half of these products would be priced at less than ? 1. (http//www. belfasttelegraph. co. uk) Except the price war, some of the supermarkets in the UK also o ffer loyalty schemes to attracting potential consumers. Tesco is a good example, every time when they shopping in Tesco, they will get points harmonize to how much they spend. Sometimes, Tesco also listed products that buy one can get 500 points more to increase the shoot of this product.Every month, Tesco will sent voucher or coupons to the loyalty card members home. The more you spend, the more you get. Using loyalty schemes not only will attracting potential consumers especially female, but also it is a low cost way to know the customers lifestyle. When the customer registers the loyalty card, they should come across the personal details. Tesco will well know what is popular among the customer depend on these details. Since 1995, the major supermarkets in the UK start provide the non-food product and service such as pharmacies, clothes stores in Asda, petrol retailers, and banking and monetary in Tesco.The effect on the supermarkets will be dramatic, especially due to the grow ing consumer propensity for the one-stop shop. Non-food products and services will help the big supermarkets increased the market share in the UK, and improve the competition itself. What is more, it is also function as reduce the lay on the line of products, as the proverb said do not put all your eggs in one basket. It is means that for a supermarkets, non-food products and services will share the risk with food products. 2. 0 The effect on the smaller retailers.

Postmodernism Essay Example for Free

Post modernity EssayDifferent material, methods and medias have been utilize in postmodernist art, such as painting fine art, technology, architecture and fashion. A study of various types of tycoonful societal changes done time is tackled through art. These changes comprise of gender identity, globalisation growth, governmental power etc. Introduction The materialization of invention has always been influential many artists use it as a tactic to exploit governmental truths and intellects. Postmodernism is a movement reacting against modernism, specially by drawing attention to former conventions (pg821). This form of art allowed a new way of looking at reality in a fellowship that is constantly reassessing its floriculture and values. Postmodern art focuses on a mixture of high and low cultures and dominant views it went against repression, sexism, racism, political power, and violence. Deconstructing truths criticises and analyses modern-day issues. These deconstru ctionist feed on controversy, artists such as Alessandro Mendini, Andy Warhol, Jenny Holzer create colourful and ruinous, luxurious and horrific art meet.The art allowed radical freedom to design, funny gestures confrontation and occasionally absurd. It was a style that has new self-aw arness. Postmodernism rebelled against modernism it was an attack on what had come before as it explored and disparaged any unspoken leading concepts and social customs. The disenchantment from World War II heavily influenced postmodern art. The style doesnt have a agnize central hierarchy or organising principle it uses melancholy, extreme complexity, contradiction, ambiguity, diversity and interconnectedness.Loud colours, bold patterns, historical deferred payment and whit are used. During the 60s, critical practices of postmodernism were applied mainly in Italy. The nous of Function follows form is abandoned. overdraw proportion and outrageous texture for the sake of decoration. Designers suc h as Ettore Sottsass and Alessandro Mendini who challenged social norms and the conventional taste of design. Italian born designer and architect, Alessandro Mendini played a part in postmodern design. He creates graphics, furniture, interiors, paintings and architectures.His field of study of devastation of the Monumento da Casa (Household Monument) is an enlarged photograph of a modernist chair. This literally displays the destroying of the past, the end of modernism and the beginning of postmodernism. It was an attack on what had come before, Mendini brought the chair to a stone quarry and set the chair on fire, photos were captured during the process in 1974. Popular culture, irony, historicism, eclecticism and pluralism are embraced by postmodernism. The artist believed that something new design would grow from the burning remains. unrivalled of the most iconic post-modern designs is the Proust armchair by Alessandro Mendini. He chose to add Signac painting as the pattern on a ready-made replica of an 18th century armchair. American language conceptual artist, Jenny Holzer is famous for her go around statements. The postmodern fashion in the 80s was a time when women were in power and this was reflect in physicality and clothes. The artist uses modern information to expose and address the politics of discourse. The Abuse of bureau Comes as No Surprise by Hozler is one of her many debatable art whole caboodle.Jenny Hozler worked outside the fastness conventions, as she believed that simplified phrases are the quickest way for everyone to comprehend. A lot of Jenny Hozlers work victimises the woman, this method allows the audience to basically read the violence male dominance against women. Words such as Crack the Pelvis so she lies right, this a mistake. When she dies you cannot repeat the act the brutal yet vivid oral communication suggest male power over women. In order to communicate to foreign countries, her work was translated four-fold time s. Hozlers techniques include a range of multimedia, posters, hats, T-shirts and L.E. D signs on large architecture. She received many damaging feedbacks by the public, at that placefore, withdrew from her career until 1993. The postmodern artist came back with a new approach to immaterial she is shut up driven against murder plus sexual pleasure, hence initiated a new series named Lustmord. Fine Art is also found in post modernism. Techniques found in painting were super-realism, mannered, academic, neoclassical, decorative, and self-conscious stylization. Originality had ended and there is a lot past styles referencing. Postmodern artist, David Ligare paintings looked extremely realistic.He focused on still flavor painting, Ligare believes that there is no limit and virtually anything now could be considered art, hence makes him a postmodern artist. David Ligare does communicatory paintings based on Greco/Toman culture. Marcel Duchamps graphics in corporeald jokes to add humo ur to his visual. Duchamp has made many miscellany works his most famous is the L. H. O. O. Q, which stands for Elle a chaud au cul. It was a rebel against traditional art was the dominant idea of the time. Duchamps added moustache and beard to the postcard with the Mona Lisa, which contradicts regular conventions of the time.He cute to take artistry lightly it was an act of rebel against convention. This technique became known as appropriation, it is the idea of manipulating famous historical art pieces. This practice has become common in todays art. Andy Warhol works exemplifies the final stage of postmodernism. Warhols paintings had always had something controversial, as theorist Fredric Jameson states, they ought to be powerful and critical political statements Andy Warhol is a contemporary artist, which expresses the postmodernism of society though his artistry.Through his artwork, his expression seems to be very anarchy and chaotic, especially the major use of the primary a nd bold colours whereas in the mainstream artistry it is very subtle collectable to the dark or complimentary colours which can often be seen as conservative. Warhols dollar Sign from 1981 deconstructs the truth about money. The painting suggest moneys strength, its addiction and tactic for conspiracy, His artwork were powerful and held critical political statements because they were billboard-like images. One of his pieces was of the North Korean leader, Kim John IL.Normally in society Kim John IL would not be even spoken of due to the high political power he has over North Korea. And the fragility between other nations that Kim John IL has. Andy Warhol has done a piece of this leader using contrasting and chaotic colours that seemed random and unusual. Warhol used appropriation, taking and creating pastiche references. As Andy Warhol states, Art is what you can get away with. Yasumasa Morimura uses humour with referencing to historical art. His postmodernist artworks have the id ea of rejecting a single fixed meaning in an image or artwork.He is a controversial Japanese artist who displaces societal currents in Japanese culture. Western assimilation, capitalism and gender values are shown in his designs. Yasumasa is an illusive creator with no boundaries this sets his work off to a guttural response. He is go around known for mimicking great subjects, in particular western art. One of his works uses historical art as reference is the Blinded by the Light 1991, which was inspired by the Parable for the Blind by Pieter Brueghel in 1568. Morimura symbolises a satirical message on Western invasion.Yasumasa Morimura caused controversy by highlighting historical influences and transforming into the postmodern art world with eastern and western culture, sexuality and gender identity. His background influenced Morimuras, he was an outsider reign by western culture and art. Technology advancement such as digital editing allowed his work to become flawless. In the racist imagination of western culture, they perceive Asian men with weak physically, equivalent weight to a little smock girl. Morimura embraces his influences and mixes his sexual influence with modern culture.This is reflected in his series of self-portraits, e. g. Morimura as Monroe. end-to-end the postmodern period, globalisation had become widespread, the artist felt as if he was invaded by foreign ideas and culture. In response, he invaded western culture through their art, by slapping his face on the Mona Lisa or the Infanta Margarita. Famous artist, Barbara Kruger victimized truths through her works of being a graphic designer, art director, and picture editor. Rather than creating her own images, she uses images and juxtaposes them.She used her techniques and skills of being a graphic designer and worked on political, social feminist provocations, religion, sex, racial and gender stereotypes, consumerism, corporate greed, and power. Her techniques consist of using media sources and words and directly collaging them over each other. Her signature look comprises of cropped, large-scale, black and white photographic pictures against black, white and red sans serif letterform. They hold raucous, pithy, ironic sayings. The poster, Your Body is a battleground proposes the idea of re-conditioning gender stereotypes.Originally, the image was used in Washington DC to advocate a pro-choice sic and reproductive rights for women. This raises the issue of power, patriarchy, stereotyping and consumption. The poster has a black and white image of a womans face that is split symmetrically with direct eye contact. The positive and negative space could highlight levelheaded vs. bad. Judging from the womans hair and makeup, she appears to be a housewife. The image represents that women cannot be sold, it illustrated a political setting and subsequently their identities are favourably polished.

America History Essay Essay Example for Free

America history Essay EssayAmerica History Essay

The Presence of Black People in the Bible Essay Example for Free

The Presence of Black People in the Bible EssayAlthough not very(prenominal) important, I took the liberty this past month(Black History) to document my research to the age old question, Was Jesus Black, after a small debate with my auntie Angelina Quarterman arguing that He was a Jew, and Jews argon White(lol). The typical Hollywood throw in which ancient Israelites look standardised fair-haired White Ameri assholes is way sullen the mark. The people of the give-and-take were Semitic(Afro-Asiatic languages) and would have been dark- skinned. The racial emnity equating Black with evil was an unfortunate development in later Europe, devised in part to justify African slavery. This topic of course has been a discussion almost since the introduction of Christianity to the western sandwich world. What color was Jesus Christ? I challenge those who may believe that Jesus was of White, Arabic, or Semitic(which doesnt consitute a race, but a group of languages and culture) descent to do some research. We must first begin by understanding that the first humans were sullen and were discovered in what is known today as Africa ( Akebu-Lan, which pith Mother of Mankind to the natives of Africa or Garden of Eden).This name for Africa (Alkebu-Lan) was tending(p) to the continent by the Moors, Nubians, Numidians, Khart-Haddans (Carthagenians), and Ethiopians. The Muslims called it El Bilad es Sudan which translates as Land of the Blacks. You must also note that Africa was a name given by European conquerors, particularly the Romans/Greeks. on that point be many other names that Africa has been called by such as Kemet, Libya, Ortegia, Corphye, Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan, Olympia, Hesperia, Oceania, and Ta-Merry. It was rase called Aethiops which meant burnt faced people in Greek.Many also do not know that the sea captain Hebrews were black-skinned people. Today we have terms used to describe blacks such as black or African which does little to say or prove the roo ts of black or darker skinned people. The term Negro was given to Blacks as they left Africa for the slave ships (ca. 1500 A. D. ). Negroland was also used by the Portuguese which means black land of course. This term was used to save them from having to call them by their true roots, which were Cushites, Nubians, Ethiopians, or Abysinians, in which they are called by in the Bible.These people were the founders of Christianity and Judaism in Alkebu-Lan, North Alkebu-Lan and Europe. What we have today is Western bias which has discomfited the history of the black race and it takes great study to get back to the truth. Even Moses (who married an Ethiopian woman) is commonly portrayed as an Eurasian or European. You also have people like Tirhaka, mogul of the Ethiopians, and as a Pharaoh was the fourth member of the Twenty-fifth Egyptian Dynasty that ruled Egypt from (730-653 B. C.).This man is commonly portrayed as European or White. Tirhaka was of grave importance to Israel in the days of Hezekiah. His armies were needed to stave off an impending Assyrian assault by Sennacherib. Furthermore we arrive at the question What did Jesus of Nazareth look like? His Mother Mary was black/afro-asiatic and closely resembled those of Yeminite, Trinidadian, or African American descent of today. The perception of the bloody shame and Child can also be challenged. In Matt 215 and Hos 111 we find Out of Egypt, I have called my son. This particular passage speaks about Mary and Josephs attempt to address the one that King Herod feared would displace him. Can you imagine the divine family as Europeans hiding in AFRICA?? There are literally hundreds of Shrines that depict the Black Madonna in many parts of North Africa, Europe, and Russia. These are but uncanny reminders of the original people who inhabited ancient Palestine. Watercolors and marvelous oils of the painters brush has recast the form and rebirth Jesus as a European.Medieval and renaissance artists (such as Mich aelangelo) made him suitable for a European form of Christianity. You even had people like Shakespeare have a hand in modify the the King James Version of the Bible. Again people will argue Jesus was Semitic, but again this is a group of languages that include both Hebrew and Arabic and NOT a racial type. It is teetotal that the term Semitic was created at around the same time the Middle East was created. It is as they sought-after(a) to simply de-Africanize the sacred story of the Bible by disconnecting a part of Africa.In my final analytic thinking I would like to provide evidence that Jesus was of African descent based on the descriptions given in the Bible as regard to appearance. Dan 79 reads I beheld till the rumps were cast down, and the antediluvian of Days did sit, who garment was sporty as snow, and the hair of his head like the pure wool his throne was like the fiery flame, and his wheels as burning fire. We all know that blacks have hair that closest resembles th at of wool. We glide by on to Rev.113-15 And in the midst of the seven candlesticks one like unto the Son of man, clothed with a garment down to the foot, and girt about the paps with a golden girdle. His head and His hairs were white like wool, as white as snow and His eyes were like a flame of fire and His feet unto like fine bronzy as if they burned in a furnace and His voice like the sound of man waters. I can go on and on and continue to prove my point, but as of now you can fall for yourself.

Critical Analysis of Frustration Essay Example for Free

Critical Analysis of Frustration EssayThe concept of this accounting is that war can neer be justify through self-righteousness. That is, if a person is trying to start a war because he judges himself to be part than his target, there is no just reason for him to do it. Most, if non all, wars be mainly begun by one man believing himself to be better than is target. This is proven through the hi bill of capital of Italy and another(prenominal) nations. But what light ups war justified? Is there ever a reason to destroy another(prenominal)s life? The answer is no. Starting a war can never be justified. This story proves that.In Frustration a man is trying to find proof that a justified war is indeed possible. His advanced technology allows him to run through calculating machine simulations which, in theory, would find a series of events that would shit this mans war, right. The main issue that is brought up is that a computer, in itself, lacks self-righteousness, nub t hat it places a much(prenominal) higher value on human lives than the average human does. But how does this dispatch any(prenominal) difference? Humans naturally believe that they are in some room better than each other.If a man thinks that he is better than another man than what is to stop him from attempting to subdue and subject the lesser man? It is this self-righteousness, unchanged by generations, that causes all wars. All through that ages humanity has stayed the same in their behaviors and characteristics. This story implies this even at the very unhorsening of it. The whole meal has been prepared by computer. untouched by human hands. With these words we know that this story takes place in the future. Herman Gelb, the main suspensor in the story, is at a meeting ith the computer programmer Peter Jonsbeck. Immediately the conversation is off upon the activities of old man Hargrove, the Secretary of Foreign Affairs. Herman is intrigued by the fact that Hargrove is inte nt on finding a war that is justifiable and efficient. At questioning this, Herman get the response from Peter, He deficiencys the human being to be the way we are-noble, honest, decent, full of respect for human rights and so on. Now we know that it is the self-righteousness of Hargrove that is leading him to perform these computer simulations.It shows that, in this authors view, humanity is likely to stay unchanged in the future beastly from their distaste of the other man, self-righteousness driving them to believe that they are the best in the world. And so our characteristic of self-righteousness never changes. Our personal beliefs can never justify war. Self-righteousness makes us blind to the true needs of our swearword man, and in the end brings dissent among people, and war. Peter makes the quote, And theyre keeping the pressure on us, too.They dont think were perfect, this shows that self-righteousness never travels one way, that is, one person may think he is master copy to someone else but that someone else will not think that person superior to him. In the story the three men all believe that they need to conquer the world in order to make it like them.They use this to justify their reason for war. When Peter says, Hargrove thinks it is possible to find some combination of outset conditions and courses of development that will result in clear victory for us and not too much damage to the world, and he labors in constant frustration. , we know that Hargrove is so consumed by his self-righteousness that he labors furiously in order to find some kind of equation that will make his war just. This relates to human reputation in a way that is explicitly obvious. We do not want to be alone in the world and therefore try to make others to be like us. Sadly in this process we begin to believe that we are better than our fellow man. This is not so. After all, says Peter, It may be that even the losing nations would benefit from being directed by us, w ith our substantiveer economy and stronger moral sense.These men in the story are blind. In believing that they bring on a stronger moral sense, they pee-pee proven their humanity. What kind of people, with a strong moral sense, would attempt to take over nations, in order for those nations to be like them. As a people we desire not to be alone but to be supported. However, through this desire, we get blind from our true motives. Attempting to assimilate a people is not moral or just. It is precisely, wrong. As a endure we tend to put a much higher value on ourselves and our desires than the needs of our neighbours.Computers have no sense of self-righteousness, which is one of the key components of humanitys character. Herman mentions to Peter that there would be casualties. In respond Peter says, Yes, of course. But the computer will presumably compare the casualties and other damage-to the economy and ecology, for instance-to the benefits that would derive from our check up on of the world, and if it decides the benefits outweigh the casualties, then it will give the go-ahead for a just war. The computers in the story could not find a good enough excuse for a just war because they had no sense of self-righteousness.They did not believe that they needed to be in control of the world and subdue other nations. In response to an accusation from Gelb that Peter is in the computer programming business for the money, Peter defends himself saying, at that place wont be a war. Theres no realistic combination of events that would make the computer decide on war. The computers put a much higher value on life than Hargrove and the others. Hargrove believed that the other nations needed to be controlled by them in order that they be proper nations. The computers could not justify war by the humans need to be in control.Gelb is curious as to why there will not be a war so Peter tells him, I dont know any way of programming a computer to give what is some needed i n any war, any persecution, any devilry, while ignoring any harm that may be done in the process. Sadly this is true. Any war, in order to be begun, needs some motley of devilry in order for it to get a kickoff. Computers have no sense of devilry because they have no self-righteousness, and, therefore, they can find a reason to start a war for just reasons. Those reasons simply do not exist. Human nature never changes. Wars are wrought. Lives are lost.These wars can never be justified by mans need to be superior to his neighbour. Ever since the dawn of mankind, wars have been fought because one man, or people, believed they were the superior. This characteristic had never changed through our history, and it never will. God gave us the command to go to sleep our neighbour as ourselves. However, as this story dictates, people often love themselves way more than their fellow man. Destruction and chaos have been driven by humanities self-righteousness. But as the story dictates, self -righteousness is never focused one way. People will not freely believe that someone else is better than them.We want others to be like us because we do not want to be alone in the world. regrettably through this process, we begin to believe that we are better than other people. This desire for attention leads to some of the worlds greatest tragedies and depressions. Computers lack what war needs in order to be begun. They lack any sense of devilry and self-righteousness. They place a higher value on life than the average man. never will they justify war for the sole reason to assimilate another people or nation. No set of equations or circumstances can lead a computer to giving the OK for a just war. It just will not happen.

Plato Essay Example for Free

Plato EssaySocrates gets Laches to agree to a new definition of bravery by arguing that not all cases of courage are a sort of endurance. He asks Laches if he would depend courage to be noble to which Laches replies he would. Socrates then asks him would he consider foolish endurance to be seen as hurtful,to which Laches also agrees. With this in mind Laches agrees to a new definition of courage to include however tonic endurance. 2/5 2. They conclude that intimacy of a virtue such as courage isnt seen as being normal in the way hat it is,but being the kind of thing that is cognise consciously and speak. Somebody who can talk somewhat the subject of courage but dont do wellspring in battle,would pay back no real insight into what most people would consider courage. 0/5 3. Socrates argues for this conclusion by saying there could be some objection to the claim that courage is some(prenominal) foolish and wise. Firstly,wise courage gives you the belief that you are doi ng the right thing,but dont have to,but by believing you have wise courage,it is the best thing to stay and fight.However,knowing you havnt the resources for battle,but are considered brave enough to stay and fight anyway,surely this can be seen as both foolish and wise courage. 2/5 4. Socrates asks Laches if he knows the nature of virtue and would they place others of it. Laches agrees to both questions allowing Socrates to test Laches own knowledge of virtue. He asks him active the p imposture of virtue that is relevant to the art of fighting in armour courage. Socrates then asks Laches to take into nib the actions of the Sythian cavalry who fought bravely whilst running way. These examples are of a courageous nature but do not fit Laches example of courage. Socrates then asks Laches about the nature of courage of the soldiers who man there posts,but adds also about the courage of people in general,wether in battle,politics. poverty or fear. He reinforces his argument by using the example of quickness which may be found in running, speaking or playing the lyre. In this case Socrates states that the definition as the caliber that does a lot in very little time.Laches has to come up with an idea of courage that takes into account all ideas in which a person might be courageous. One objection that might be made to one of Socrates arguments is that it may only seem like he wants to impress upon Laches that it is possible to have any sort of knowledge of courage at all because Socrates says that the only genuine piece of knowledge he can have is that he knows nothing in the first place. But,as there isnt anybody that knows enough about courage to speak f it,maybe we should take into account Laches continuing courageous behaviour as a kind of knowledge,rather than it being known concsiously and spoken,courage may be the only thing to be considered as an example. person who speaks for hours about courage but is cowardly during battle,would have little knowled ge of courage. This example is about spoken knowledge and is amplified again by Socrates when he asks Laches to try and embody the very courage and endurance he is looking for in his quest. 18/35

Program Design and Narrative Essay Example for Free

Program Design and Narrative EssayTo achieve the objectives for our Healthy Pomona Kids compact program, the city of Pomona will utilize the methods outlined below. These methods have been proven effective by the Healthy RC Kids union for the city of Rancho Cucamonga, where their client population is Latino. Representatives from this organization assisted in the development of this project and we have as well provided an in depth timeline to this proposal.Objective OneSee more how to start a personal story essay examplesEnsure that children from low income families have access to fresh and nutritious foods in before and later school programs. Healthy Pomona Kids Partnership will hire a program supervisor and two fulltime bilingualist program assistants to establish a community outreach committee. Appoint four community outreach committee leaders that are culturally competent, with two of the leaders needing to be bilingual. Staff will develop a plan for topical anestheti c farmers markets and community gardens.Objective TwoEducate families on the importance of good eating habits and the dangers or risks pertaining to childhood obesity to promote healthy eating and reduce childhood obesity. Staff will coordinate hebdomadally health classes to educate and promote healthy living. Staff will develop a formal feedback dodging so voices and concerns can be heard. Staff will track participants progress on a weekly basis.Objective ThreeEngage community leaders and local police to booster residence feel safer in their community to encourage exercise. Staff will develop group walks at bottom the community to meet three times a week. Encourage local leaders to build walkway trails.Meet with local schools to educate students about the benefits of exercise.

The G8-G20 Roles and Relationship Essay Example for Free

The G8-G20 Roles and Relationship EssayThe 68-620 Roles and Relationship John Kirton Director, 68 seek Group Co-director, 620 Research Group john. emailprotected ca Paper prep ared for a panel on The Future of the 68 and 620 practicable Scenarios at an expert seminar on The Future of the 68 and 620, sponsored by the Universiteit Gent and Egmont, Fondation Universitaire/universitaire Stichting, Brussels, April 26, 2010. Version of May 13, 2010. origination Now that the Group of Twenty (620) jacket crown has arisen as the self-proclaimed permanent, premier forum for international economic g overnance, a lively debate as erupted round its relationship with the old Group of Eight (68) and the role of two bodies in the years ahead. Many mount or argue that the 68 will and should fade away, fast, and the 620 assume all the broad agenda and functions the former has long had.Far someer assert openly that that the invigorated and diverse 620 may itself fade away along with the g alvanizing economic crisis that gave it birth, leaving the 68 with its inside(a) Group of S til now (67) finance ministers to continue as the orbiculate steering throng that counts. Given the military capability of international institutions, it is more likely hat both, rather than either or neither, will continue for the foreseeable future, in a relationship that could take several forms.The major possibilities are competition, passive coarse coexistence by dividing up the global policy agenda and governance functions, or active cooperation that brings the comparative advantage of separately to reap the global governance synergies that await (Kirton 2009). After less than two years of 620 summitry, it is still likewise soon to conclude with complete confidence which scenario will spring to life. But t here(predicate) is already stiff evidence to suggest that he system is moving toward synergistic cooperation between the two Gs that will settle each and both in the medium t erm.The global involve for governance is pulling the system in that direction and the old 68 great powers and new G20-only systemically significant ones are starting to supply that demand by working together in this way. However, its realization will take smart, strategic leadership from the 68 and G20s coming hosts and chairs, starting with Canada in June 2010. And if they provide it properly, in the longer term, the 68 and its 620 creation could become one, nited supra all by the values that the G8 has successfully pioneered since its start.The Strengthening Success of the 68 and 620 Summits The prospect that both the 68 and 620 summits will continue rests in the first instance on the fact that few international institutions, plane informal plurilateral, globally-relevant summit-level ones, tend to fade away. As appendage A exhibits, many such institutions show awful longevity, dating back a century or more. The 68, born in 1975, is one of the oldest such bodies of global rele vance and reach. After 36 years in operation, it is unlikely to disappear soon.Kirton The G8-G20 Roles and Relationship Moreover, as Appendix B indicates, the G8 shows a substantial and strengthening performance over these years on all six dominant dimensions of governance which such bodies are expected to perform. It has an improving and now respectable record in delivering its commitments, by having its members comply with them within the year after they are made. It has also become, from its summit centre, a tasteful governance system, with a broad array of G8-centred bodies at the ministerial, official and civil society levels below. There are no signs that it is a global overnance system on the wane.The 620, in its first two years of summit life, also shows signs of strengthening, even if it is still faraway less potent in its performance than the 68 has become. The 620 has get the better of the 68 in the frequency of its summit meetings having had five scheduled within its first two schedule years. Yet, as Appendix C shows, on all six dimensions of global governance, the 620 remains far nooky the 68. 620 summits last about half as long as 68 ones, generate only one- tercet as many decisional commitments, and have a compliance record that, while still n the incontrovertible range, is well behind that of the 68 and of the 68 members within the 620 itself.The future demand for global governance so seems likely to be met by both bodies, rather than either or neither. In the case of the latter(prenominal) scenario, it is striking how the successful MEF/M-16 that arose as a core component of the last two 68 summits has disappeared from the 2010 one, even with the failure of the UNs Copenhagen COPMOP to effectively deal with climate change. The traditional preference of France and a few others for a 613 is indulgent far less frequently now, ven as Frances turn to host both the 68 and 620 summits in 2011 draws near.The group of Brazil, Russia, India an d China (BRIC), now having had two summits, remain largely members of both the 620 and G8 and have expressed support for the 620 itself. establishment the G8-G20 Relationship If both bodies seem likely to continue and even strengthen, then given their high law of similarity in membership/participation, top tier plurilateralism, informality, summit centricity and global governance orientation, they will increasingly regard to define and develop the relationship between the two. In the realm of competition there have been few substantial signs of rivalry.There is an ongoing desire on the part of several, largely Asian members that 620 summits precede 68 ones each year, to avoid any impression that the old 68 club is pre-defining or dictating to the newer, broader 620 one. But here the 67/8 has prevailed, in holding its June 2010 summit before the 620 one, in holding the 67 finance ministers meeting in late April 2010 just before the 620 one at the semi-annual Bank-Fund meetings in W ashington, and thus far for 2011 in France, having the 68 summit in its normal summer slot receding the 620 in new normal (for leaders but not finance ministers) November one.There has been only minor competition over issues each wish to take up, with a Sherpa-level tussle over which group will speak about the Haitian earthquake on January 12, 2010, serving as the major case to date. 2 Passive mutual coexistence is more evident, especially in dividing up the global policy agenda so that the 620 governs finance and economics and the 68 social, political and security issues. It is striking how easily the 68 in 2010, if not in 2009 has fling its finance and economic agenda in favour of the 620.

United States’ Food Supply Safety Essay Example for Free

United States pabulum bring home the bacon preventative EssayThe sustenance proviso of the Unites States is well(p) from contamination. This is evident through the regular surveillance and other efforts done by the authorities to honor the galosh of the nations food ply especially from contamination. The sentry duty of the food supplies starts at the farm and not in the grocery stores.According to the article of Sharon Durham in country Research entitled intellectual nourishment safety in the 21st century Coordinated Monitoring of Animal Health, in the year 2003, the Agricultural Research Service or ARS as well as two other agencies under the US Department of Agriculture or USDA started a combined effort in cheering the health of the livestock of America as well as ensuring the safety of the food supply (Durham, 1). This research gives path of tracing the critical diseases in food production that involves animals.In addition, it improves general understanding of f actors that causes food safety risks such as those in plants and other manufacturing plants. Also, scientific examinations supporter detect contamination at resilient points in food production (Apgar, 1). On the other hand, the field of study Animal Health Monitoring governance or NAHMS performs surveillance that seeks to identify as well as tackle animal health and food safety matters of major concern. Also, the US Customs and Border Protection or CBP and the Food and Drug government activity or FDA initiated bitter joint efforts in protecting the food supply of the nation.Through the Memorandum of intelligence or MOU signed last December 2003, the Customs agents are now allowed to examine foods that are trade to the United States (FDA Consumer, 1). Furthermore, the CBP and FDA issued a policy guide that tells their strategy in maintaining the continuous flow of food imports maculation increasing their safety. The policy guide deals with enforcing two regulations. These a re first, it require an advance notice to the FDA for shipments of imported foods into the country. moment , it requires a registration with the FDA of local as well as overseas facilities such as manufacturing, processing, wadding and holding services for consumption in the United States. These rules aim to boost the security in the supply chain yet it also involves additional cost and difficulty to transporters (Albright, 1). Meanwhile, the government seeks to enhance standards for industries to get redundant money for bigger examination to improve the security of government amenities.National agencies such as Food and Drug Administration (FDA), US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Department of Defense (DOD), Federal Bureau of investigation (FBI), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) are working together on bio-security plan. In addition, the EPA makes sure the safety of the water supply even from the terrorist attacks. The agency together with local water utilities performs military rating of susceptibilities, to stiffen security within the vicinity of the facilities, to improve emergency response plans whenever attacks occur (Chapman, 1).Anyway, the food constancy has been working vigorously also in ensuring the safety of the food supplies. There are several associations that participated in the Alliance for Food Security. They conduct meetings together with government agencies directing food security concern. The industry is communion methods that a lot of companies are getting to improve their security, to full background checks on employees especially the reinvigorated ones, and to limit the employees who have access to main zone of the facilities. Some members of the industry have worked strongly with the same government agencies to address queries concerning food.The FDA has the direct liability for guaranteeing the safety of the food products while CDC leads in conducting disease surveillance. They keep a n eye on the occurrence of sickness in the US that is attributable to the supply of food. Moreover, programs such as the annual Food Safety Summit and Expo that is sponsored by National Food Processors Association and the National Restaurant Association help the tighten the security of the entire nations food network. Strategies to stay intentional as well as unintentional food contamination are being position out during this annual activity (Prewitt, 1).The food industry, itself, has its own programs in keeping the safety of the food supply and this id done in cooperation with the different companies. For instance is the Supplier Audits for Food Excellence or SAFE chopine which is initiated through the assistance of more than two-dozen member companies (Johnston, 1). Further, the technological advancements today are a big help when it comes to ensuring the safety of the countrys food supply. The flourishing field of genetic engineering has started changing the cursory American diet.Biotechnology has provided us with progress like foods with improved nutritional content and this time, FDA is controlling new food products to ensure their safety.ReferencesDurham Sharon. Food safety in the 21st century coordinated monitor of animal health. Agricultural Research. October 2006. forthcoming http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3741/is_10_54/ai_n16807530, http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3741/is_10_54/ai_n16807530/pg_2. borderland 2, 2007. Agencies team up to protect food supply U. S. Customs and Border Protection. FDA Consumer. March-April 2004.Available http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1370/is_2_38/ai_114242021. March 2, 2007. Albright, Brian. New clog security regulations present challenges to shippers, carriers advance manifest and food safety rules could increase safetyand costof cross-border shipments Supply Chain Management. Frontline Solutions. February 2004. Available http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0DIS/is_2 _5/ai_113907155, http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0DIS/is_2_5/ai_113907155/pg_2. March 2, 2007. Chapman, Nancy. Industry secures food supply. active Foods. January 2002.Available http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3289/is_1_171/ai_81861689. March 2, 2007. Apgar, Toni. A call to action-food poisoning and food supply safety. Vegetarian Times. November 1996. Available http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0820/is_n231/ai_18810447. March 2, 2007. Prewitt, Mildred. Safety summit Securing U. S. food supply an uphill battle Contamination and bioterror hot topics Food Safety Summit and Expo Legal Beat. Nations Restaurant News. March 25, 2002. Available http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3190/is_12_36/ai_84237780, http//www.findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3190/is_12_36/ai_84237780/pg_2. March 2, 2007. Johnston, Kelly. Safety with a good bottom line conceptuality Ingredient Challenges Food safety. Prepared Foods. March 2002. Available http//www. find articles. com/p/articles/mi_m3289/is_3_171/ai_83744775. March 2, 2007 Young, Frank E. Safety first protecting Americas food supply FDAs Year of Foods. FDA Consumer. July-August 1988. Available http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1370/is_n6_v22/ai_6589510, http//www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1370/is_n6_v22/ai_6589510/pg_2. March 2, 2007

Satellite Communication For Computer Networks

Satellite communion For Computer NetworksA communicating broadcast is an artificial satellite stati championd in space for the purpose of telecoms. new-fangled communication satellites use a variety of orbits including geo setary orbits, Molina orbits, other elliptical orbits and low earth orbits. For placed serve ups, communication satellites provide a atomize radio relay technology complimentary to that of submarine communication cables. They atomic number 18 also used for mobile applications such as communications to ships, vehicles, planes and hand held terminals and for TV and radio broadcasting, for which application of other technologies such as cable is impractical or impossible.HISTORY OF parley SATELLTESThe front artificial satellite was the soviet sputnik 1, launched on October 4, 1957, and equipped with an onboard radio transmitter that worked on two frequencies, 20.005 and 40.002 MHz. The inaugural American satellite to relay communication was project score in 1958, which used a taping recorder to store and forward voice messages. After that NASA launched an Echo satellite in 1960. satellite COMMUNICATION FOR COMPUTER NETWORKS.A multi- invitee, satellite communication dodge employing a modified broadcast corpse is divulge for used with distributed computer networks. The system involves a plurality of network nodes (computer systems) each capable of transmitting to every other node at a single unique frequency, but capable of receiving from all other nodes simultaneously. Each node in the n-node network comprises a single transmitter with up to n-1 receivers, with each node capable of arbitrating a plurality of requests for transmission access. The invention encompasses a method for communicating digital culture in a network of geographical distributed computers.GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITESIn 1945, Arthur C. Clarke describes a recognise communication system that used manned geostationary satellites, including the orbits, solar panels , radio frequencies and launch procedures. But it was failed, because these satellites were impractical due to the impossibility of putting power-hungry, fragile, vacuum tube amplifiers into orbit. The first communication satellite, Tel angiotensin-converting enzyme was launched in July 1962. Then communication Satellites have drop dead a multibillion dollar business and the only aspect of outer space that has become highly portable. These high-flying satellites are called GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) satellites.Geostationary orbitGeostationary satellites space more than closer than 2 degrees in the 360-degree equatorial plane, to avoid interference. With a space of 2 degrees, there can only be 360/2 = nonpareil hundred eighty of these satellites in the sky at ones. However, each transponder can use multiple frequencies and polarization to increase the gettable bandwidth. Modern satellite was weighing up 4000kg and consuming several kilowatts of electric power produced by the solar panels. The effect of solar and planetary gravity tends to move them away from their assigned orbit slots and orientations, an effect countered by on-board rocket motors. This tuning activity is called Station Keeping. ITU has allocated certain frequency bands to satellite users. The main bands are listed as C band was the first to be programated for commercial satellite traffic and the upper case one for uplink traffic. To allow traffic to go both ways at the same time, two channels is required, one going each way. These bands are overcrowded because they are also used by the common carriers for terrestrial microwave links. The L and S bands were added by international agreement in 2000.Rain, equipment costThe next highest band usable to commercial telecommunication carriers is the Ku band. Bandwidth allocated in the Ka band for commercial traffic, but the equipment needed to use it is still expensive. A modern satellite has around 40 transponders, each with an 80-MHZ band width. The first geostationary satellites had a single beam that illuminated about 1/3 of the earths surface called footprint. A new development in the communication satellite world is the development of low-cost micro stations it is called Very Small Aperture Terminals (VASATs). In VSATs systems, the micro stations dont have enough power to communicate directly with one another. VSATs have nifty potential in rural areas.MEDIUM-EARTH chain SATELLITESMEO (Medium-Earth Orbit) satellites tracked as move through the sky. These are humble than GEOs they have smaller footprint on the back anchor knowledge and require less powerful transmitters to reach them.LOW-EARTH ORBITLEO (LOW EARTH ORBIT) satellite due to their rapid motion, heavy(a) numbers of them is needed for a complete system. In this section we will examine, two aimed at voice communication and one aimed at profits service.IridiumAn iridium satellite was launched in 1997. Communication service began in November 1998. Iri diums business was providing worldwide telecommunication service using hand-held devices that communicate directly within the iridium satellites. It provides voice, data, paging, and fax and navigation service everywhere on land, sea, and air. These satellites are positioned at an altitude of 750km, in circular polar orbits. Each satellite has a maximum of 48 cells, with a total of 1628 cells over the surface of the earth. Each satellite has a capacity of 3840 channels, or 253440 in all.Global starAn iridium alternative design is global star. It ground on 48 LEO satellites. But it uses a different switching scheme than that of iridium. Global star uses a traditional bent-pipe design. The call originating at the North Pole is sent back to earth and picked up by the large ground station at Santas Workshop. The call is routed via a terrestrial network to the ground station nearest the cal lee and delivered by a bent-pipe connection. The advantage of global star scheme is that it puts much of the complexity on the ground, where it is easier to manage.TeledesicTeledesic is targeted at bandwidth-hungry internet users all over the world. It was conceived in 1990 by mobile holler pioneer Craig McCaw and Bill Gates. The goal of this system is to provide millions of concurrent Internet users with an uplink of as much as 100Mbps and a downlink of up to 720 Mbps using a small, fixed, VSAT-type antenna, completely bypassing the telephone system. The original design was for a system consists of 288 small-footprint satellites arranged in 12 planes below the pull down Van Allen belt at an altitude of 1350km. The design was later changed to 30 satellites with larger footprints. Transmission occurs in the uncrowned and high-bandwidth Ka band. When a user needs bandwidth to impel packets is request and assigned dynamically in about 50 msec.LEO EARTH ORBITHOW SATELLITE COMMUNICATION WORKS?The concept of satellite based network is to transmit and receive signal from ground sta tions. The purpose of satellite communication is to use it for video transmission and sharing. In simple words a satellite is a device which revolves around the earth either for collecting useful information or for helping transfer of information.HOW DO SATELLITES COMMUNICATE?Satellites communicate through a complex system of telemetry that connects and transmits signals betwixt satellites and earth-bound stations. This system begins with telemetry, tracking and command (TTC) subsystem which tracks and directs signals. TTC produces signal that are directly commensurable to the quantity that is being measured, encode and transmitting these signal to distant stations on earth.APPLICATIONS OF COMMUNICATION SATELLITESThe applications of communication satellites are,TelephoneSatellite idiot boxFixed Service SatelliteDirect publicise satellitesMobile satellite technologiesSatellite radio amateur radioSatellite internetMilitary usesNavigationTELEPHONEThe first application for communica tion satellites was in intercontinental long distance telephony. The public switched telephone network relays telephone calls from landline telephones to an earth station where they are transmitted to geostationary satellite.SATELLITE TELEVISIONThe satellite television is relatively few signals of large band width to many receivers being a more precise match for the capabilities of geosynchronous comsats. devil satellite types are used for North American Television and radio that are Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) and Fixed Service Satellite (FSS).FIXED SERVICE SATELLITEIt uses the c band and the lower portion of the Ku bands. It is normally used for broadcast feed to and from television networks and local affiliate stations as well as being used for distance learning by schools and universities, business television, video conferencing and commonplace tele- communications. It is also used to distribute national cable channels to cable television head ends. at once BROADCAST SATE LLITEIt is a communication satellite that transmits to small DBS satellite dishes. It is usually 18 to 24 inches or 45 to 60 cm in a diameter.MOBILE SATELLITE TECHNOLOGIESIt was using antenas.