Substitution reaction

transposition answer accessionSubstitution reception of chemistrysubstitution re meet ar too called displacement replyions .These ar the re achievements in which an piece or a ag sort out of motes connected to a carbon atom in a jot is replaced by some other atom or stem of atoms without all change in the structure of the remaining part of the hint. The crossing organize is known as the substitution product. The new atom or group which enters the molecule is called the substituent. Some example of substitution answers atomic number 18CH+cl CHcl+Hcl Methane Methyl chlorideHere H-atom of CH is replaced by chloride atom.CH-CHBr+KOH (aq) CHCHOH+KBr ethyl al-Qaida bromide Ethyl alcoholHere Br atom of ethyl bromide is replaced by OH group. CH -CH = CH ClCH -CH=CH + HclPropene Allyl chloride Here H-atom of CH group is replaced by cl-atomTypes of substitution answer Depending upon the disposition of feelering reagent, substitution reactions croupe be classify as belowa) Electrophilic Substitution Reactions These atomic number 18 the reactions in which an atom or group in a molecule is replaced by an electrophile. such(prenominal) reactions are shown by aromatic compound. CH+HONO CHNO+H 0 CH+ NOCH NO+H 0 (H s0 ) Here Nitronium ion (NO ions )acts as an electrophile and the process is called nitration.Mechanism. Consider the chlorination of benzene in presence of halogen carrier(Fecl) Fecl+cl-cl Fecl+cl(chloronium ion)Electrophiles are tangled in electrophilic substitution reactions and particularly in electrophilic aromatic substitutionsElectrophilic reactions to other unsatu outrankd compounds than arenes everydayly lead to electrophilic addition quite a than substitution.B) Necleophilic Substitution Reactions- These are the reaction sin which an atom or a group in a molecule is replaced by a nuclophile. Such reactions are shown by alkyl stem radical halides. Consider the action of aqueous KOH on methyl chloride.HO+H -CH Cl Ho- cHOH+clA nucleophile (literally karyon lover) is a molecule or ion capable of acting as a Lewis base (i.e., an electron pair donor). Nucleophiles can be described as electron-rich while their targets or subst localises can be described as electron-deficient (they are Lewis venereal infections, i.e., electron pair acceptors). In a nucleophilic substitution the nucleophile takes the place ofor substitutes forsome atom or group on the substrate (called the leaving group) Nu + RL RNu+ + L- nucleophile substrate product leaving group If the nucleophile is neutral (as shown above) the product entrust be charged since the leaving group takes both joining electrons away with it. If the nucleophile is an anion then the product go forth be neutral Nu + RL RNu + L- Stronger bases make better nucleophiles (e.g., OH- is a better nucleophile than H2O). obedient substrates include cations, central atoms with incomplete octets or double gravels ( homogeneous sp2 carbons) or carbons with uncomplete positive charges. Halogens are generally more electr angiotensin-converting enzymegative than carbon and so organohalogen compounds are usually subject to nucleophilic flame at the carbon attached to the halogen (which would be the positive end of a dipole). For example, 2-chloro-2-methylpropane (commonly known as t-butyl chloride) will afford nucleophilic substitution with hydroxide ion (CH3)3CCl + OH (CH3)3COH + Cl This is a typical man-made route for producing an alcohol from an alkyl halide. Nucleophilic substitution reactions turn out been studied for umteen years. It was noniced fairly early that while the overall reaction was identical in the vast majority of cases the kinetics of the process was not invariably the same. In some substitutions the concentration of the nucleophile had no effect on the rate. In others, the rate was directly proportional to the concentration of the nucleophile. This suggested that two different apparatuss moldiness be at work. The factor which determines the weapon employed is typically the nature of the substrate itself and NOT the particular nucleophile.Necleophilic substitution reactions are further classified as-1)Necleophilic substitution Biomolecular - Such reaction sare shown by primary alkyl halides and involve a single look. The breaking of C-X hold and the making of C-OH alliance takes place simultaneously. The neucleophile approaches the C-atom from the side opposite to that carrying the halogen. In such reactions, an inverted product is embodimented. The reaction involves the formation of a transition state. The reaction follows the rate law, position=kAlkyl halideOH. As the slow rate determining step involves two molecule(Alkyl halide and alkali) therefore, the reaction is known as bimolecular substitution reaction. Most necleophilic substitutions, which involve the protuberance of an originally neutral substituent ,notably of halogen, from the aromatic ring,at temperature whic h are not particularly high,use the biomolecular utensil SN2. This is established by their second order kinetics, which are documented by many an(prenominal) records, (NO)CHCl+OEt(NO)CHOEt+ClIn substitution of this type,the rate of attack by different reagent on the same aromatic molecules follow the general order of nucleophilic strength towards carbon. This is the conclusion to which Bunnatt and Zahler come after having assembled data from many sources. The first mechanism is known as SN1 (substitution, nucleophilic, unimolecular) because only one molecule is involved in the first stepthe rate determining step. Reactions occurring by this mechanism should exhibit first-order kinetics, i.e., the rate law should have the form rate = ksubstrate1. Because the nucleophile is not involved until after the slow step its concentration will have no effect on the rate. The alternate mechanism is called SN2 (substitution, nucleophilic, bimolecular) because two molecules are involved in the rate determining (and only) step. Such reactions exhibit overall second-order kinetics. The rate is proportional to both the concentration of the substrate and the concentration of the nucleophile. Reactions like this will have a rate law in the form rate = ksubstrate nucleophile2) Nucleophilic Substitution Unimolecular- This mechanism is generally followed by tertiary alkyl halide. In the first step, tertiary alkyl halie breaks hydrolytically to form intermediate carbonium ion.The formation of carbonium ion is the slow rate determing step. In the second step, the nucleophile attacks tha carbonium ion to form an alcohol. Consider the action of aqueous KOH or tertiary Butyl bromide.CH CH CH ____ C-Br CH C +Br (Slow Step) CH CH CH CH CH ____ C + OH CH C +OH (Fast Step) CH CH (carbonium ion) Tert. butyl alcoholOr The best established eample of nucleophilic aromatic substitution by the unimolecular mechanism ,SN1,is the uncatalysed decomposition of diazoium ions,in hydroxylic solvent, to give phenols or phhenolic ethers,accomplished often byaryl halides or others such substitution products, if the necessary necleophilic anions are present in the solutionArN+ Ar+N (Slow)Ar+Ho Ar OH+H (fast)Ar+ROHArOR+H (Fast)Ar +cl Ar Cl (Fast)These are SN1 mechanism .The alternate mechanism is called SN2 (substitution, nucleophilic, bimolecular) because two molecules are involved in the rate determining (and only) step. Such reactions exhibit overall second-order kinetics. The rate is proportional to both the concentration of the substrate and the concentration of the nucleophile. Reactions like this will have a rate law in the form rate = ksubstrate nucleophile3) Free Radicals Subsitution Reactions1.2.3 These are the reactions in which an atom or group of atoms in a molecule is replaced by a impeccant radical. The replacement of H- atom by a halogen atom is an example of free radicals substitution.In the free radical substitution reaction, the attacking reagent is a free radi cals. These reactions are carried either at high temperature or in the presence of ultra-violet light. In organic chemistry, a radical substitution reaction is a substitution reaction involving free radicals as a reactive intermediateThe reaction always involves at least two step, and possibly a third.In the first step called initiation (2,3) a free radical is created by photolysis. Homolysis can be brought about by heat or light but similarly by radical initiators such as organic peroxides or azo compounds. Light is used to create two free radicals from one diatomic species. The final step is called termination (6,7) in which the radical re concurs with another radical species. If the reaction is not terminated, but instead the radical group(s) go on to react further, the steps where new radicals are formed and then react is collectively known as propagation (4,5) because a new radical is created available for secondary reactions.Mechanism. The mechanism of free radicals substitu tion involves three steps-I) Initiation - In this step, halogen molecule breaks homolyticallly to form free radicals. Consider the action of Br on ethane in presence of sunlight. Br-Br BrII) propagation step The Br formed in the first step reacts with paraffin wax molecule to form new free radicals which in turn reacts with atomic number 35 molecule and the chain react ion starts and so on. CHCH+Br CH CH+HBr CH CH+Br -Br CH CHBr+Br3) Termination. In this step, the free radicals combine and the reaction stops.Br + Br BrSimilarly, consider action of Cl on propene.I) cl cl 2ClII) CH=CH- CH+Cl CH=CH- CH+HClCH=CH- CH+Cl-Cl CH=CH-CHCl+ClSubstitution Reactions1.2.3Substitution Reactions.In an acid-base reaction such as CH3CO2H + NH3 CH3CO2 + NH4+ the N acts as a nucleophile (Greek for loving the nucleus), the H actsas an electrophile (loves electrons), and the O that accepts the pair of electrons acts as a leaving group. The acid-base reaction is the simplest model for a substitution reaction, which is a reaction in which a bond mingled with atom 1 and atom 2 is replaced by a bond between atom 1 and atom 3. Substitution reactions are incredibly valuable in organic chemistry, and the most important of these involve substitutions at C. For exampleThis substitution reaction, discovered in 1849, involves the nucleophilic O making a new bond to the electrophilic C, and the bond between the electrophilic C and the leaving group I breaking. Any Brnsted base can besides act as a nucleophile, and any nucleophile can also act as a Brnsted base, but some compounds are particularly good bases andparticularly poor nucleophiles, whereas some are particularly poor bases and particularly good nucleophiles. Any Brnsted or Lewis acid can also act as an electrophile, but there are many electrophiles that are neither Brnsted nor Lewis acids (as in the example above). A haloalkane, e.g. CH3CH2Br, can in principle undergo either of two gelid reactions when it encounters a lone pair nucleophile, e.g. MeO-. First, MeO- might replace Br- at the electrophilic C atom, forming a new C-O bond and giving an ether as the product. This is substitution, because the C-Br bond is replaced with a C-O bond. Second, MeO- might attack a H atom that is neighboring(a) to the electrophilic C atom, giving MeOH, Br-, and an alkene as products. The electrons in the C-H bond proceed to form the bond, and the electrons in the C-X bond leave with X-. This is elimination, because a new bond is formed, and because the elements of the organic starting material are now divided between more than one product. Elimination requires that the substrate have a C-X bond and adjacent C-H bonds, while substitution requires only that the substrate have a C-X bond.Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactionThe name in the title in given to those substitution in whichnucleophilic reagent, such as Br, combine with aromatic carbon and aprecltyuviously present substituent such as Cl,NO, becomes expelled along with its adhere electrons With considerable difficultly even H may be expelled with its bonding electrons i.e at H. Biomolecular substitution reaction electron attracting substituent especially one conjugated with aromatic system such as nitro,carbonyl,syano aids the attack of the reagent and a 2-or 4-situated hetero atom ,as n pyridine ,acts in a similar way. Neuclophilic aromatic substtion can proceed by several,mechanism. The Unimolecular and Biomolecular mechanism can definitely be recognized and other mechanism some of which are understood,can be seen to exist. The unimolecular mechanism is limited to the replacement of those substituents which are sufficiently loosely bound to undergo spontaneous heterlysis in solution. The biomolecular mechanism is muc more general, doubtless because it make lots less severe demands on thequality of the explled group,so that a hydrogen shift involved.

History of the Inca Religion

History of the Inca Religion possibly one of the more or less fascinating and awe inspiring moralitys in kind history is that of the Incas.Countless the great unwashed bring in been captivated by this religion over many generations.Many books have been written and movies made to gaining prevail the essence of this religion.After glance overing about this paper, it will be trim how incredible these population and their religion was.To first understand the religion of the Incas, you essential first know the history of the people.The Incan civilization originated from a ethnic music in the Cuzco scene of action of Peru.The Incas were one of the largest, richest and most powerful empires to begin with pre-Columbian America as their territory covered a massive area at its peak.The Inca empire crossed many boundaries as it conquered many countries and areas with a variety of meansfrom conquest to peaceful assimilation.This lead to the Inca conglomerate gaining a large part of South America. By its height in the 1520s, the Inca Empire stretched 3,500 miles from present day Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador to the area in which the Incas originated, Peru.It was the largest empire on earth at the time.After to each one area had been conquered, the Incas would take see of the area by imposing their language and organizational skills on the people.This would be followed by building improvements to the area such as creating roads for the people to travel on, irrigation canals, stone buildings and fortresses.The Incas had astonishing and technologically advanced masonry techniques for their time.The estimated population of the Inca Empire at its peak was around twenty million people with the authorized language being Quechua.To control such a huge area, the Incas strengthened roads, including both mountainous and coastal routes.The Inca Empire was ruled with efficiency in part because of a superb highway system that included intermittently paved roads up to 24 feet wide, tunnels, bridges, and stepped pathways cut into living rock. The psyche highland road atop the spine of the Andes, ran 3,450 miles from the Colombia-Ecuador border to central Chile. side(prenominal) roads linked it to the coastal highway. Ironically, the very roadways that made it possible for the Inca to control their vast empire, rapidly moving an army to quell a rebellion, were in any case the avenue of the empires downfall, giving the Spanish conquistadors under Pizarro direct access to the tit of the kingdom.One existing part of the road between Cusco and the palace of Machu Picchu is called the Inca Trail.The nitty-gritty of control exercised by Cusco over the rest of the empire varied from set up to say.Tri exactlye paid to the Inca rulers came from farmers of cotton, potatoes, and maize, herders of alpacas and llamas, and craft specialists who made polychrome pottery, brewed beer from maize, wove fine woollen tapestries, and made wooden, ston e, and gold, silver and copper objects.Inca cities were as large as those of Europe, but more than orderly and by all accounts much cleaner and more pleasant places in which to live (McEwan, 56).The Inca were organized along a interlocking hierarchical and hereditary lineage system called the Ayllu system. Ayllus ranged in size from a few hundred to tens of thousands of people, and they governed access to such things as land, political roles, marriage, and rite ceremonies. Among other meaning(a) duties, Ayllus took maintenance and ceremonial roles involving the preservation and care of recognizeed mummies of the ancestors of their communities.In Inca social structure, the ruler Sapa Inca, and his wives, the Coyas, had supreme control over the empire. The exalted Priest and the Army Commander in Chief were next. Then came the quartette Apus, the regional army commanders. Next, were temple priests, architects, administrators and army generals.After them, were artisans, musicians , army captains and the quipucamayoc, the Incan accountants. At the bottom were sorcerers, farmers, herding families and conscripts.The only written records about the Inca that we can read today are documents from the Spanish conquistadors of Francisco Pizarro.Records were kept by the Inca in the realize of knotted strings called quipu.The Spanish reported that historical records, particularly the kit and caboodle of the rulers, were sung, chanted, and painted on wooden tablets as well.In the Inca Empirec several polytheistic religions were practiced by its different people. Most religions had common traits such as the existence of a pashamama and Viracocha. The Incas controlled religion to give the empire cohesion by having conquered peoples add the Inca deities to their pantheon.Inca deities occupied the three realmsHanan Pacha, the celestial realm in the sky, Uku Pacha, the intimate earth, and Cay Pacha, the outer earth where humans live.The most important deities of Hanan Pa cha were Inti, the sun god, and Mama Quilla, the moon goddess. Inti Raymi was the festival of the sun god, the largest and most important Inca festival. The lightning deity also resided in Hanan Pacha.Uku Pacha was the domain of Pachamama, the Earth mother, who is comprehensive to Andean mythologies. Kanopa was the God of Pregnancy.Con-Tici Viracocha Pachayachachic, The first god, creator of the three realms and their inhabitants, was also the fuck off of Inti.Many ancient Andean peoples traced their origins to ancestral deities. Multiple Ayllus could share correspondent ancestral origins. The Inca claimed descent from the Sun and the Moon, their Father and Mother. Many Ayllus claimed descent from primordial proto-humans that emerged from local sites in nature, called Pacarinas.The earliest ancestors of the Inca were cognise as Ayar, the first of which was Manco Capac or Ayar Manco. Inca mythology tells of his travels, in which he and the Ayar shaped and marked the land and int roduced the cultivation of maize.A prominent theme in Inca mythology is the duality of the Cosmos. The realms were separated into the upper and let down realms, the Hanan Pacha and the Ukhu Pacha and Hurin Pacha. Hanan Pacha, the upper world, consisted of the deities of the sun, moon, stars, rainbow, and lightning.Ukhu Pacha and Hurin Pacha were the realms of Pachamama, the earth mother, and the ancestors and heroes of the Inca or other Ayllus. Kay Pacha, the realm of the outer earth where humans resided, was viewed as an intercessor realm between Hanan Pacha and Ukhu Pacha. The realms were represented by the condor (upper world), puma (outer earth) and snake in the grass (inner earth).Huacas were widespread around the Inca Empire. Huacas were deific entities that resided in natural objects such as mountains, boulders, streams, battle fields, other meeting places, and any type of place that was committed with past Incan rulers. Huacas could also be inanimate objects such as potter y that were believed to be vessels carrying deities. Spiritual leaders in a conjunction would use prayer and offerings to communicate with a Huaca for advice or assistance. gracious give over was a part of Incan rituals.Priests presided over sacrifices, an essential part of many rituals and ceremonies.The majority of the sacrifices involved animals, such as llamas or guinea pigs.However, in times of disaster or at very sacred ceremonies, a woman or a child might be sacrificed to the gods.These people would be given Chicha, a thick beer made from fermented corn to whoop it up in golden goblets while the priest sang songs of their virtue before they were strangled.The bodies of the sacrificed were then buried in a cocoon of fine textiles and adjoin by gold and silver statues, bags of corn and other offerings. The ancient Inca chose children as young as 6, but also as old as 15, fattened them up for a year and sent them on a sacrifice pilgrimage (Inca Human Sacrifices).The Incan p eople thought it was an honor to die for an offering.The Incas also used divination. They used it to inform people in the city of social events, predict battle outcomes, and ask for intervention.The Inca were a deeply religious people. They feared that evil would come at any time. Sorcerors held positions in union as protectors from the spirits. They also believed in reincarnation, saving their nail clippings, hair cuttings and teething in case the returning spirit needed them.The religious and societal center of Inca life was contained in the middle of the sprawling fortress known as Sacsahuaman. Here was located Cuzco, The Naval of the World the home of the Inca headmaster and site of the sacred Temple of the Sun. At such a place the immense wealth of the Inca was clear with gold and silver decorating every edifice. The hugger-mugger of Inca wealth was the Mita. This was a labor program imposed upon every Inca by the Inca ruler. Since it only took about 65 days a year for a fa mily to farm for its own needs, the rest of the time was devoted to working on Temple-owned fields, building bridges, roads, temples, and terraces, or extracting gold and silver from the mines. The work was controlled through chiefs of thousands, hundreds and tens. rootage worship was a central part of Incan theology.The souls of the dead vie a protective role in the lives of their descendants.The bodies of ancestors were mummified and entombed.Often they were buried with their most prized possessions, women, servants, weapons, and ornaments in addition to an abundance of food and Chicha. Some groups of Incas placed the deceased person on a large carved stone where they were mourned before burial. In some areas, the dead were sewn into fresh llama-hide and kept at their familys home. posterity of the deceased would rule-governedly visit the tombs of their loved ones in order to stick them food and precious goods.Mummies of dead rulers were the holiest Huacas in the empire.They we re treated as if they were electrostatic alive continuing to own the property they had when alive, eating with their descendants and each other, and enjoying important ceremonies.They were also considered to be oracles and were therefore consulted on a regular basis.This information listed in this paper is just but a try on of the rich history of these people and their religion. After reading this, it is clear wherefore they are such a fascinating people and why they have been studied for so many yearsWorks Cited/BibliographyCobo, Bernabe, and Roland Hamilton. Inca Religion and Customs. capital of Texas U of Texas, 1990. Print.Conrad, Geoffrey W., and Arthur Andrew. Demarest. Religion and Empire The Dynamics of Aztec and Inca Expansionism. Cambridge Cambridge UP, 1984. Print.McEwan, Gordon Francis. The Incas New Perspectives. Santa Barbara, CA ABC-CLIO, 2006. Print.Anitei, Stefan. Inca Human Sacrifices. Softpedia. N.p., 20 Feb. 2008. Web. 28 Oct. 2014.

Influences on Nursing Professional Practice

Influences on breast feeding Professional exerciseThe Illness- wellness Continuum, developed in the 1970s, illustrates that health is a dynamic relegate at that place are several degrees of health. Good health, or High-Level wellness, is achieved with awareness, education and growth, and is found on the right of the horizontal Illness-Wellness Continuum diagram. Signs, symptoms, and dis king, which are register of worsening health (and planetu bothy Pre-Mature Death), are found on the left line of business side of the Illness-Wellness Continuum illustration as Poor health. In the snapper of the continuum is a Neutral Point, at which there is no manifest illness or wellness. (Travis, 2004).Congruent with the Illness-Wellness Continuum, the Constitution of the World wellness Organization defined health as a state of eff physical, noetic and social well-being and non merely the absence of disease or infirmity. (World health Organization, 1946). It is interesting to note th at this definition has not been revised in more than six decades. This definition describes the integration of physical, mental and social well-being as health, and differentiates the state of health from the lack of disease.Wellness flush toilet be considered as the integration of mind, body and spirit. Optimal wellness allows us to achieve our goals and find thinking and purpose in our lives. Wellness combines seven dimensions of well-being into a quality way of living. Overall, wellness is the ability to live intent to the fullest and to maximize personal potential in a variety of ways. Wellness involves continually learning and making changes to enhance your state of wellness. When we balance the physical, intellectual, emotional, social, occupational, spiritual, and environmental aspects of life, we achieve true wellness. (Nordqvist, 2014).Harvard-trained Andrew Weil, MD wrote that existence acquire familiar with health when they are ill or rush a disease (page 41). (2004 ). It is classic to realize that the traditional valuations of health as neat and desirable, and illness as bad, are not necessarily clear-cut health is the expansion of disposition that transcends the illness-wellness dichotomy. (Koerner, 2011). Health is wholeness wholeness in its close to profound sense, with nothing left out and everything in merely the right order to manifest the mystery of balance. Far from being barely the absence of disease, health is a dynamic and harmonious equilibrium of all the elements and forces making up and surrounding a human being. (page 41) (Weil, 2004). Health, then, encompasses both wellness and illness and/or disease. Health and healing may be examined in a number of ways, including through the models of the physical body and the body-mind-spirit.Models of Health and ameliorateLarry Dossey, MD pointed out how the perceptions and beliefs intimately health and illness have changed oer cadence (Koerner, 2011). In Era I, which began in th e 1860s, science was assimilated into the practice of westward medicine. Health and illness were considered in the context of the physical body the consciousness of individuals was a result of biochemical, structural, and physiological facets of the brain. Illness was considered to be physical in nature therefore, treatment had to be physical in nature. Surgery and medications hard-boiled physical illness. The term physical refers to the body of a person, rather than their mind, and existed in a tangible form which could be touched or seen. It was comely to conclude that the physical body was a basic comp onenessnt of severally individuals identity. The consciousness, or mind, of a patient was connected to the affair of the brain.In the 1950s, Era II arose as practitioners expanded their considerations of health and sight that thoughts, feelings, personal principles, attitudes and values impact physical health. Hypertension, myocardial infarctions, and ulcerations of the gastr ointestinal outline were attributed to emotional stress. During this time period, treatment modalities began to address the mind consciousness. (Dossey, n.d.). It has been said that more people still hold this perspective. (Koener, )Based on the quantum physics pattern, the accredited perspective, Era III, identifies the consciousness which is not limited to a persons body, but is described as infinite, immortal, omni present tense. (Riley, 2011). A nonlocal mind is one without limits consequently, an individuals consciousness can capture and be influenced by others emotions, including love and compassion. This meshing of consciousness creates unity, or oneness among all humans we have the ability to influence each other through confederations which can be made in the nursing profession by nurturing transpersonal activities. disputeion. A significant distinction is found by comparing the mind in the physical body of Era I to the consciousness of Era III. In the 19th century, th e mind was considered to be entirely separate from the neurologic become of the brain. In the modern Era, the limitless mind has been expanded toBody-Mind-Spirit and My Professional social movement go down ons are human beings, just like their patients. To truly partner in relationships that advance wholeness in patients (p. 18.) (Korner, 2011), nurses must be authentically present (Falk-Rafael, 2005). Rather than focusing on medieval tense or present events to justify physical and emotional states, nurses can assist patients to stay with their feelings and learn to keep openwithout reaction, description, or interpretation. (p. 18) (Koerner, 2011). This nursing presence creates the opportunity for real transformation and growth. (p. 18) (Koerner, 2011).breast feeding theorist Jean Watsons caritas illuminate that at its burden, transpersonal recognizes that the power of love, faith, compassion, caring, alliance and intention, consciousness and access to a deeper/higher energy source, i.e., ones God, is as important to healing as are our conventional treatment approaches, and is possibly even more powerful in the long run (Falk-Rafael quoting Watson. See reference book 30) http//eds.b.ebscohost.com.wgu.idm.oclc.org/ehost/pdfviewer/emailprotectedvid=1hid=104 The framework of lovingness Science is grounded in the ethic of Belonging to that which is greater than our Being it goes beyond medical science, acknowledging the relational, life force they philosophical, unitary field dimensions underlying all of humanity. (Watson Browning, 2012).http//watsoncaringscience.org/about-us/caring-science-definitions- make fores-theory/ My Professional Presence Influences My Professional PracticeSelf- authorization, allay with uncertainty, integrity, optimism, passion for work, and empathy are 6 features of superior nursing presence (Lachman, V, 2001). A nurses professional presence can facilitate an ring of competence and authority. (Chater, 2011) Classic dark sui ts with white blouses, a natty hair style, quality shoes, and traditional jewelry project an appearance of assumption and create a favorable first impressions. Making eye contact, smiling, lively listening and open body language can promote confidence from others.A professional presence allows nurses to distinguish themselves from other nurses. My knowledge, skills and abilities. My ability to deal assignments and demonstrate accountability Self-promotion through networking, volunteering, appropriate social media can amplify my professional presence. Promoting my own professional presence and showing respect to those with whom I come in contact can stimulate the profession of nursing.Crittenden, J. (2013). The apprehensive guide for executive women. San Diego, CA Whistling Rabbit Press. http//www.discreetguide.com/articles/your-personal-brand-and-professional-presence/I most closely relate to the concept of the body-mind-spirit in relation to my professional presence. or so d isease or illness is manifested in our physical bodies. The physical hurt we feel is a symptom of something in our body needing attention. We need diagnostic studies to identify abnormalities, and canAdditionally, if we find ourselves catching bacterial and viral illnesses, it is salutary to evaluate if there is compromise to the immune system, and address any deficiencies. The thoughts and emotions of individuals influence health, too. Anxiety, anger and frustration can cause blood pressure to elevate, resulting in poor perfusion. The spirit is the force within a person that is believed to impart the body life, energy and power http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/spirit Because of my Christian beliefs, I consider each individuals spirit to be their connection to divinity.If someone is experiencing pain, I think it is valuable to consider if there is pathologic disease (i.e., a broken bone or diseased organ) which would gain ground from medical attention through pharmaceu ticals some type of physical therapy or rest. It is beneficial to examineProfessional presenceIncreased awareness of my professional presence as a nurse can help me smash integrate my insights, goals, and beliefs as I serve in roles of leader and follower. I was excited to read about Carla Woodys five-stage transformational remembering process of firinging, separation, searching, initiation, and re-entry. (p. 208). (Koerner, 2011).There is an opportunity for me to practice mindfulness in my personal life and professional life. I also am willing to take the time to learn and practice mindfulness. At greater frequency over the past year, I have found myself wondering the extent of nursing burnout that I feel. I turned 50 last year, and that milestone began me asking questions about what I deprivation to do with the rest of my life. I am agreeable as a nurse however, I am restless and comparatively bored in my current position at work. I have recently completed my BSN, a second bac helor degree, and obtained board certification. one of my reasons for pursuing an MSN in nurse Education is to keep a spark of learning, new knowledge, and inquisitiveness about me, because that is who I am. I embrace the fortuity that a mindful person is relaxed. He or shes in full immersed in the here and now and has no regrets about the past or worries about the proximo. (Heard, Hartman, Bushardt, 2013).One thing that I have effected is that my focus is not going to be on tasks (which I referred to as what I want to do with the rest of my life), but on beingwhat I was to be for the rest of my life. The current assignment to examine what it means to me to be human has been a satisfying journey. I have identified that I want authenticity in my relationships, and that I want simplicity in my material belongings. By authenticity, I mean that I want to be myself, be natural, and find myself surrounded by a small core group of friends and family members who are the same way. Whe n I say simplicity, I mean that I do not clutter in my surroundings. I want order and minimalism. I do not want fluff or dust collectors. I want my surrounding to be peaceful duration reflecting who I am and buoying me, too.Jean Watsons Theory of Human Caring/Caring Science incorporated the principle of an authentic presence in which nurses honor, or respect, and connect as a human to other humans. http//watsoncaringscience.org/files/age bracket%206/watsons-theory-of-human-caring-core-concepts-and-evolution-to-caritas-processes-handout.pdfhttp//greatergood.berkeley.edu/topic/mindfulness/definitionReferencesA conversation about the future day of medicine. http//www.dosseydossey.com/larry/QnA.htmlBarnett, J. Shale, A. (2013). The integration of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) into thepractice of psychology A flock for the future. Professional Psychology Research and Practice. 43(6). 576-585. A review of this article that I will source http//www.apa.org/monitor/2013/04 /ce-corner.aspxChater, S. (2011). Professionalism. In M. Greenberg, G. Alexander, H. Feldman (Eds.), Nursing leadership A concise encyclopedia New York Springer Pub. Co.Dossey, L. (n.d.). A conversation about the future of medicine. Retrieved from http//www.dosseydossey.com/larry/QnA.htmlFalk-Rafale, A. (2005). Advancing nursing theory through theory-guided practice the emergence of a critical caring perspective. Advances in Nursing Science 28(1), 38-49.Heard, P, Hartman, S, Bushardt, S. (2013). Rekindling the flame apply mindfulness to end nursing burnout. Nursing Management(44)11. DOI-10.1097/01.NUMA.0000436366.99397.10Koerner, J. (2011). heal Presence The Essence of Nursing (2nd ed). New York City Springer Publishing Company.Koerner, J. (n.d.). Complete Health and Healing by JoEllen Koerner (Retrieved fromhttps//wgu.hosted.panopto.com/Panopto/Podcast/Embed/079cf429-e2d6-4692-842c-0fc5b3833cf2.mp4)Lachman, V. (2001). Professional presence How do you get it? Nursing Management 3 2(10). 41-42. Retrieved from http//eds.b.ebscohost.com.wgu.idm.oclc.org/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1sid=b59f700b-1efa-48a8-9269-56c3290db60b%40sessionmgr115hid=108Nordqvist, C. (2014). What is health? What does good health mean? Retrieved from http//www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/150999.phpPhysical. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved May 9, 2015 from http//www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/physicalRiley, S. (2011). Review of Reinventing Medicine Beyond mind-body to a new era of healing.Travis, J. (2004). Illness-Wellness Continuum. Retrieved from http//www.thewellspring.com/wellspring/introduction-to-wellness/357/key-concept-1-the-illnesswellness-continuum.cfmWatson, J. Browning, R. (2012). Viewpoint Caring Science meets spunk Science A guide to authentic caring practice. American Nurse Today 7(8). Retrieved from http//www.americannursetoday.com/viewpoint-caring-science-meets-heart-science-a-guide-to-authentic-caring-practice/Weil, A. (2004). Health and healing The ph ilosophy of integrative medicine and best health. Boston, Massachusetts Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.World Health Organization. (1948). Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization. Retrieved from http//www.who.int/about/definition/en/print.htmlA. Professional PresenceDiscuss the differences betweentwomodels of health and healing (e.g., physical body, body-mind, body-mind-spirit/bio-psycho-social,) as they relate to what it means to be human. tumble differences betweenoneof the models discussed in part A1 and your professional presence (i.e., current beliefs, attitudes, and actions regarding health and healing).Discuss how your professional presence (mindful or distracted) influences your nursing practice.

Health Care Needs Assessment Plan

wellness fretting inevitably Assessment PlanWHO Needs Assessment ProjectIntroductionThis research gives commonsense help and command to a nurse, undertaking sort advantageouslybeing necessitate appraisal and assessment. It gives info and guidance on the phases of necessities appraisal, empowering the attendant to finish the procedure sensibly indoors her/his regular melt. (Anderson TV) This project utilizes a comprehensive instance of well being, accentuating the social, fiscal and social figures that influence well being and in addition unequ every(prenominal)ed conduct. The idea of study utilized as a go away of this project, fuses those needs felt and communicated by vicinity persons and to boot those characterized by the experts. look for Questions designation of the real hazard elements and reasons for sick welfare and empowers the distinguishing proof of the activities required to lot these.Terms and Definitions wellness and Needs AssessmentIt is a key turn of events to advise dispatching and brass section arranging, and preserve be characterized as a methodical technique for distinguishing the unmet social welfare and medicinal services needs of a lower classes, and bankroll out progresss to help. (Daniels, 2007)Proposal to the clientHealth needs assessment is the fine methodology to guaranteeing that the public assistance administration uses its assets to enhance the strength of the populace in the to the highest degree reproductive way. It take ons epidemiological, qualitative, and relative st pasturegies to portray public assistance replications of a populace distinguish disparities in eudaemonia and access to administrations and focus needs for the top hat utilization of assets. (Stevens, 2004)Health needs are those that can profit from human services or from much(prenominal) extensive social and natural changes. rich wellbeing needs evaluations oblige a down to earth discretion of what is included, the meter and assets important to attempt appraisals, and sufficient get marrieding of the results into arranging and appointing of neighborhood administrationsObjectivesHealth sensation needs are those that can profit from wellness awareness (well being training, distemper counteractive feat, finding, treatment, recovery, terminal consideration). Most specialists provide consider needs as far as health awareness benefits that they can supply. Patients, be that as it may, may have an alternate posture of what would make them healthier for instance, a vocation, a transport course to the doctors celerity or well being focus, or tolerable lodging.Health needs consolidate the more(prenominal) extensive social and natural determinants of health, for example, hardship, lodging, eating methodology, instruction, organise. This more extensive definition permits us to look past the restrictions the therapeutic model focused around well being administrations, to the more extensive impacts on health (box). (Green)Well being needs of a populace will be always showing signs of change, and numerous wont be amiable to invigorating intercession.Literature ReviewThe World Health Organizations meaning of health is much utilized Health is a condition of complete physical, rational, and social well being and not save the nonappearance of malady or illness. A more sentimental definition would be Freuds Well being is the capacity to take and to love.Evaluation of wellbeing needs is not just a methodology of listening to patients or depending on mortal experience. It is a deliberate constitution for distinguishing unmet wellbeing and health awareness needs of a populace and rolling out improvements to help. It includes an epidemiological and qualitative methodology to deciding needs which fuses clinical and cost viability and patients viewpoints. This methodology must offset clinical, moral, and monetary contemplations of needthat is, the issue that ought to be carried out, what is possible, and what can be afforded. Wellbeing needs evaluation ought to not simply be a dodge for measuring sick wellbeing, as this expects that something is possible to handle it. Consolidating the idea of an ability to profit presents the imperativeness of adequacy of wellbeing mediations and endeavors to make unequivocal what profits are, no doubt want after. (Anne Robotham, 2010)Economists contend that the ability to profit is continually going to be more prominent than hearty assets and that wellbeing needs evaluation ought to likewise join inquiries of need setting, proposing that a lot of people needs appraisals are just preoccupations from the troublesome choices of apportioning. Imperatively, wellbeing needs appraisal likewise gives a strategy for observing and advancing value in the procurement and utilization of wellbeing administrations and tending to imbalances in health. The imperativeness of evaluating wellbeing needs instead of responding to wellbeing req uests is broadly perceived, and there are numerous cases of necessities evaluation in meaty and auxiliary care. (Adler, 2008) There is no simple, brisk fix formula for wellbeing needs evaluation. Distinctive subjects will require diverse methodologies. These may include a combo of qualitative and quantitative examination techniques to gather whimsical data, or adjusting and exchanging what is now known or accessible. The jolt for these appraisals is frequently the single enthusiasm of an individual or the accessibility of new financing for the improvement of wellbeing administrations. Notwithstanding, evaluations ought to likewise be incited by the vitality of the wellbeing issue (regarding recurrence, effect, or expense), the event of discriminating episodes (the passing of a patient brush off on the grounds that the want unit full), proof of viability of a mediation, or production of new research discoveries about the load of an ailment. (Kathy O, 2007)MethodologyResearch des ignAn overview study was led intending to delineate the occurrence of all manifestations of working(a) surround brutality in the wellbeing persona. denary information were pull together through surveys. Individual talks with and bosom gathering coming togethers were directed to hold qualitative information.Population and sample sizeIn the qualitative part planning to check the meaning of working environment viciousness and dissimilar perspectives, eight target gatherings were incorporated. They were as per the following(1) Agent associations(2) Private holders of wellbeing administrations(3) Wellbeing segment faculty(4) Wellbeing powers(5) Administration(6) Patients/customers(7) Word tie in wellbeing and security pros(8) Legal counselorsInformation from the target gathering of wellbeing segment faculty were for the most part acquired through 15 center gathering meetings comprising of 90 work force enlisted as per accessibility.The quantity of members in each one gathering f luctuated from 3 to 9. Practically the greater part of the gatherings comprised of same-sex work force from the same callings and levels. One and only gathering of emergency vehicle stave part was included both senior and lesser people. The time used in each one gathering meeting fluctuated from 60 to 180 minutes. Center gathering meetings were halted when got the information got to be repetitive. For any(prenominal) is left of the target bunches, information were gotten through formal individual meetings and infrequently casual meetings from 25 persons. A couple of meetings were directed through phone.In the quantitative part, all real wellbeing and wellbeing related settings accessible were incorporated so as to speak to the national wellbeing framework. It covers the settings in all geographic levels, in country, suburban, and urban regions, at three levels of health awareness, and from both government and non-government areas.Research toolsQuestions for center gathering dialogs and top to dirty dog meetings, and in addition survey gave by ILO/ICN/WHO/PSI were deciphered into the local dialect by the analysts.Data CollectionFor the quantitative information, the analysts and/or the geographic expedition partners reached the important powers for consent to gather information. The motivation behind the examination estimate and additionally the methods and systems for survey study were clarified. After that the specialists and/or research aid dispersed the surveys through incidental irregular inspecting strategies.Data AnalysisQuantitative information was broke down by the SPSS 9.0 product program. Spellbinding particular proposition was utilized to represent the demographic qualities of the specimen. The contrasts of the frequencies of viciousness crosswise over several(predicate) elements were dissected through Chi-square. Qualitative information was broke down by substance investigation.Assessment ResultsThe aftereffects of this study focused around quantitative and qualitative information investigation are introduced at the same time as takes afterDemographic attributes of the specimenSize, attributes, extent of savageryImpacting variables in the connection of work environment viciousnessImpacts and effect of brutality at work in the wellbeing partIndividual, institutional, and deliberate reactions towards brutalityAgainst brutality techniquesFor individual comes and wellbeing experts, wellbeing needs evaluation gives the chance toDepicting the examples of ailment in the nearby populace and the distinctions from area, local, or national infection designsAdapting all the more about the needs and needs of their patients and the neighborhood populace set off the territories of unmet need and giving an acceptable set of destinations to work towards to helpChoosing commonly how to utilize assets to enhance their nearby populaces wellbeing in the best and productive wayAffecting strategy, interagency coordinated effort, or innovat ive work needs. prejudicial ResultsAn extraordinary number of gay wellbeing work force need to disguise their sexual introduction however some like to unwrap it. One phallic member seeing himself as female, giving an individual question on November 30, expressed that he felt extremely fidgety in 21that his administrators did not acknowledge him as female. Case in point, they rebuked him for having immense hair and wearing qualification-up. His tormenting emotions had created since he was a nursing understudy on the grounds that representation toward oneself as a female was illegal by the regulations of the school. He was exceptionally discouraged to be compelled to have short hair like guys. He said that that appearance was not he. Be that as it may, he traversed it in view of the great backing from his scholastic counselor. As a part of the nursing staff, he was here and there sexually bothered by male partners however never by patients. He said that patients never dismisses or disregarded him. His associates additionally regarded him.SummaryIn this study, more than half portion of the wellbeing faculty accomplished work environment roughness in the earlier year. Verbal ill-use was the most widely recognized sort while racial provocation was the lower limit basic. The best numbers of victimized people were females. Notwithstanding, guys had more inclinations to experience viciousness, specially physical savagery, tormenting/mobbing, and racial badgering, than did females. Staff who were at danger for working environment savagery were the individuals who were adolescent, had few years of working knowledge, worked in suburban regions, worked in movements and during the evening and had communication and physical contact with patients/customers. The lions share of culprits were patients/customers, relatives of patients/customers, and associates. Psychiatric patients and medicine/liquor ill-use patients, those with head wounds, and in serious torment, were destined to be brutal and harsh.Doctors and high-position staff were liable to be misled by patients while staff parts had a tendency to be exploit by their associates. The mental attributes of culprits were seen by the subjects to be noteworthy helping components. Stress from work-over-burden and considerable changes because of changes in the wellbeing administration and common administration frameworks were different variables. At the time of study, there was no specific regulation for brutality counteractive action and control. Rules for managing forceful patients were accessible just in psychiatric units/healing centers.RecommendationsThe organisation of counteractive action programs in every wellbeing setting ought to be empowered also upheld. The system target gatherings ought to incorporate both male and female staff, particularly youngsters and the individuals who have few years of working background. These projects can be actualized through the foundation of specific pro jects for roughness anticipation or coordinating them into existing work environment wellbeing advancement programs. course of instruction exercises ought to included preparing in social and life abilities, stretch and displeasure administration aptitudes, and in addition specifically abilities for determining interpersonal clashes and managing vicious persons and circumstances. The rate of work environment roughness ought to be observed constantly at national and hierarchical levels. There ought to be specific persons or consultative groups in charge of work environment viciousness cases, including observation and observing, archiving, examination, exploited person payment, aid for exploited people and culprits, and culprit discipline. The advisory group ought to be touchy to this issue and proficient in all parts of work environment savagery, particularly its causes and its effect on people and associations and additionally regulations and lawful data relationship with it. Works hops for these advisory groups are proposed.Reporting the episodes ought to be energized. Systems for reporting ought to be reasonable and plausible. All the more imperatively, inspirational administration to reporting must be created among wellbeing faculty. That is, the message of the point of making strides facultys prosperity as opposed to giving discipline ought to be do clear. Episode structures ought to be accessible and available. Unacknowledged letters will be an alternative if the staff doesnt believe the reporting methodology.ReferencesAdler, N. E. (2008). Cancer Care for the Whole Patient showdown Psychosocial Health Needs. Retrieved from http//books.google.com.pk/books?id=w6srDIFDWv0Cprintsec=frontcoverdq=health+needshl=ensa=Xei=EHhTVK-SHpDwaMCsgLgOved=0CD0Q6AEwBjgKv=onepageq=health needsf=falseAnderson TV, M. G. (n.d.). The challenge of medical practice variations. Retrieved from http//books.google.com.pk/books?id=PA08eacjKNICpg=PA27lpg=PA27dq=Anderson+TV,+Mooney+G. +The+challenge+of+medical+practice+variations.source=blots=rzc5SRr9Jqsig=K30R8eHX29e_XSo8M5aOkebTw5Uhl=ensa=Xei=inZTVMOiIYfVarq1gvgFved=0CB0Q6AEwAAv=onepageAnne Robotham, M. F. (2010). Health Visiting Specialist Community Public Health Nursing. Retrieved from http//books.google.com.pk/books?id=64p0LAVYECpg=PA264dq=health+needshl=ensa=Xei=EHhTVK-SHpDwaMCsgLgOved=0CCkQ6AEwAjgKv=onepageq=health needsf=falseDaniels, N. (2007). Just Health Meeting Health Needs Fairly. Retrieved from http//books.google.com.pk/books?id=DrVLvi0r6JICprintsec=frontcoverdq=health+needshl=ensa=Xei=KXdTVKOGE4LeaMDlgfAOved=0CBwQ6AEwAAv=onepageq=health needsf=falseGreen, J. (n.d.). Health Promotion Planning and Strategies. Retrieved from http//books.google.com.pk/books?id=x_Iyz8HPpsMCpg=PA206dq=health+needshl=ensa=Xei=EHhTVK-SHpDwaMCsgLgOved=0CCIQ6AEwATgKv=onepageq=health needsf=falseKathy O, N. (2007). set People and Health Needs on the Map. Retrieved from http//books.google.com.pk/books?id=gmqPqwObF8ACpg=PA30dq =health+needshl=ensa=Xei=dXlTVJDHLZDTaOXbgJgMved=0CC8Q6AEwAzgUv=onepageq=health needsf=falseStevens, A. (2004). Health Care Needs Assessment The Epidemiologically Based Needs. Retrieved from http//books.google.com.pk/books?id=JJHIFeOD7jsCprintsec=frontcoverdq=health+needshl=ensa=Xei=KXdTVKOGE4LeaMDlgfAOved=0CEcQ6AEwCAv=onepageq=health needsf=false

Motivation Theories in Project Management

Motivation Theories in Project ManagementIn this assignment I will present my views about round indigence theories and how they can be applied or not applied when track in a externalise modeIntroductionAbout Societe Generale AlbaniaBanking argonna continues to be one of the near important economic sectors and one of the some rapid growing contrastes in Albania in the last 10 socio-economic class (Bank of Albania, 2010, www.bankofalbania.org).Societe Generale Albania, previously named Banka Popullore, started its activity on 1st of Mars 2004. In eighteenth of April 2007, Societe Generale Group acquired 75.01% of the sh ars of this bank. The bank has its head run intoice in Tirana and is present allover Albania with 41 operation branches. At the break off of 2009, the bank had 379 employees, both Albanian and French nationality (Annual Report 2009, 2010, www.societegenerale.al).About the case study macrocosm on the most important economic sectors has created enough space fo r operation of 17 Banks in a relatively small market like Albania. With such(prenominal) a high competition it is very important that banks stay eer in line with economic developments and react fast toward customer demand for new products or adaptation. Our bank is quite small and there are frequently high pressures for sharing resources in order to complete in time and with budget polar operational or business initiatives. These polish off has made mandatory for bank prudence to apply a matrix organisational design in our organization.Such organizational structure are quite complex when it comes to management and control of provide performance, as they tot up the employee in front of two theatre directors, the department manager and the excogitate manager. straight days project management is becoming a key region of the success for eveyr organization in any sector and such the indigence of employees working in projects is of a great interest for both the project manage r, as the main beneficiary, and the organization. There a draw play of researches and studies for need in standard organizational structure, nevertheless the topic is considered as less explored when it comes to project management (Dwivedula and Bredillet, 2009).Theories of motivationsMotivation is the driving force within singles that compels them physiologically and psychologically to pursue one or more goals to fulfill their inescapably or expectations, (Lam and Tang, 2003, p. 61).Why do managers need motivation? If we agree that an output of motivation is control, than we may say that a manager involve motivation to hand people do the things he wants and stop doing the thingsThere are soon a plug of theories to explain the nature of motivation and help mangers on addressing it according to their postulate. These theories do not conflict between them, which means the manager can use any of them or even combine them. In my assignments I will be focused in 2 theories The hierarchy of needs as the most runner one and most substantially known by all kind of managers and The dual-structure surmise since it was developed ground on a research on engineers and accounts, which is about the same milieu and employee nature as in my bank.The Hierarchy of postulateThis is one of the most well know need theories of motivation and was developed by Abraham Maslow in 1940. According to this governance the needs are organized in 5 main throngs of needs that stay together in the form of a profit (Maslow, 1943)Physiological postulate they stay in the bottom of the pyramid and include the basic needs of every human been such as the need for food, drink, education, medical care, etc. Every organization can offer these needs by providing good working condition and a remuneration to their employees.Security Needs includes the need for feeling safe and pimp, having a secure transmission line, having a home and a future. The organization can satisfy these needs by offering job continuity, health and retirement plans.Belongingness Needs includes the needs of humans to love and be loved, to be accepted by new(prenominal)wise(a)s, to take and flag friendship. Most of this needs get meet by the family ties, nevertheless this is not enough since we spend a considerable time of our animation in our works. Managers and direct supervisors can play a significant aim to satisfy these needs by encouraging the work in group, erect their communication with employees and provided basis for social interaction between employees.Esteem Needs the needs of this group in be divided into two study needs, the need for self respect and the need for being respected by others. The organizations and managers can satisfy this by job title, awards, recognition of merits, benefits etc.Self-Actualization Needs is the highest level of the hierarchy and includes the need we have to be the one we want to be in order to be self fulfilled. If all the other l evels of the hierarchy are fully satisfied, it does not remain a lot for the managers to do to satisfy this need, all they need to take care off is make sure the individual has a challenging job and that other needs in lower level become deficient.According to the theory the needs of each level should be satisfied before button to the next level until we reach the self-actualization needs, however if during our road to the top of hierarchy, a lower level of need become deficient again the individual returns to that level (Moorhead and Griffin, 1995).Despite the fact that the theory is well recognized among some(prenominal) organization and managers repayable to the intuitive logic and easy understanding, the theory is not fully validated either by Maslow or any other research, in contrary many deficiencies have been identified (Wahba and Bridwell, 1976)It is important to detect that the most basic needs are provided by the top management of an organization and more we go up in the hierarchy of needs more we go down in the level of management trustworthy to satisfy these needs and turn them in motivator for improving job performance.The Dual-Structure TheoryThe theory was developed by Herzberg on late fifties based on a research with a couple of one hundred engineers and accounts (Herzberg, 1968). The finding of this research pictured that different set of portions were connected with different feelings about work. The motivation of an employee goes in a two step process, first satisfying the employee (eliminate any factor which may bring dissatisfaction) by hygiene factors and second go with motivation factors. The motivation factors would result at the end with satisfied and motivated employees who can have a long call and positive job performance. The combination of these factors can set employee in iv situations (Herzberg, 1987)Satisfied and motivated employee. The target situation for having the best performance.Satisfied but not motivated. Th e manager should find the way to apply motivation factors and convince the status otherwise the de-motivated employee will bring low productivity and mischievously quality.Not satisfied but motivated. The company should reposition its policies and rules and try to change the situation. An employee is not expected to stay to long in this status.Not satisfied and not motivated. The worst situation, both company and managers have a lot to do. These employees will bring to the business apart from the low productivity and dismal quality a lot of complains, strikes, no communication.The hygiene factors, when they exist are in placed by the company strategy and/or governments rules and they are not directly related to the performance and ability of anybody. In turnabout with them, the employee can get the motivation factors but by his involvement and his work. (McCrimmon, 2008).The theory has been analyzed more than any other theory in the celestial sphere of organizational behavior (Pinder, 1998) and the results are quite contradictory. Studies and researchers which use the same system support the theory, other ones criticize it for the research population used, which is limited only to accountants and engineers, for not taking into account the individual differences, since a motivation factor can depend individual age and/or organizational poseur (House and Wigdor, 1967).Herzbergs theory states that money does not motivate employees but only satisfies them (Herzberg, 1968), due to this statement the theory is widely discussed and analyzed in studies and researches about the recognize and motivation (Beel, 2007).The rewords supporters are totally against it and they say it does not have evidences to prove that money is not a motivation. Another aspect of critics is the fact that the theory does not take in consideration the circumstances, what does motivate an employee today, not prerequisite satisfy and motivate another one tomorrow (Robbins, 2005).Visua l foundation of the dual structure theory (http//www.tutor2u.net/business/people/motivation_theory_herzberg.asp, Nov 2010)Motivation in Project managementPRINCE2 manual defines a project asa management environment that is created for the purpose of delivering one or more business products according to a specified business case.Another definition isa temporary organisation that is needed to produce a unique and pre-define military issue or result at a pre-specified time using pre-determined resources.Being a temporary organization and with specific targets, the project organization is a more complex structure than a normal organization social unit and different rules and practices are applied in every aspect of organizational behavior, including motivation.In 2008, our bank started a project for migration of existing core banking system into a new and modern one as part of the group strategy for mutualization of IT services. The project team was composed by more than xx employees coming from different departments and sectors, covering many different positions such as translators, business analysts, IT developers, organization and even a public relationship specialist. We knew since the fount that such a challenging and multidimensional project could not keep abreast without a motivated team.Why do we need motivated staff? Is motivation the only factor for having a good performance? destructionProjects by definition are a temporary organization, this automatically excludes some motivation techniques which become irrelevant due to the time required to give their effects. What should we do? Should we leave motivation only to be applied in standard organizational structure?

Progeria Report Essay -- essays research papers fc

Genetics determine the traits an individual forget inherit from their p atomic number 18nts. In society today, the role of genetics is crucial they decide iodins physical coming into court as well as their personality. However, if there is a mutation rigid in one of the genes that a kid receives it is very likely a deformity will be present. A disused yet bleak defect from a gene mutation such as this is Progeria. This sickness is an untoward one that may occur in two forms, both Hutchison-Gilford Progeria or Werner syndrome. Not only do they affect the bone construction and appearance of the child, but they substantially shorten their life spans.      Hutchison-Gilford disorder was branch discovered and described by John Hutchison in 1886. However, in 1904 battle of Hastings Gilford named the disorder Progeria after doing some of his own research on it (Malady). around a year after Gilford presented his Progeria research, Otto Werner discovered a dis order by which he called "inaugural-dissertation". It was not until about 1935 that Oppenheimer and Kugel named innaugaral dissertation Werner Syndrome (Werner).      Progeria is a very rare disorder, affecting one out of eight million children in the Hutchison-Gilford form. Werner Syndrome is to a greater extent(prenominal) common yet still infrequent, affecting one out of one million children. Both types of Progeria affect specific ethnicities Hutchison-Gilford occurs most frequently in Caucasians, while Werner Syndrome affects mostly children of the Japanese and Sardinian background. This disorder is fatal in both cases, although the life span of one with Werner Syndrome, living to the age of approximately 46, is significantly longer then one with Hutchison-Gilford who will only hold out to the age of 13 (Werner).      Progeria is commonly referred to as "early aging distemper" however, this disorder has nothing to do wi th a child aging rapidly. The symptoms of Progeria in both Hutchison-Gilford and Werner are very similar and they do appear to speed the aging process. A child with Hutchison-Gilford has an entirely bald head and face. Their scalp, veins and look are clearly more prominent then a child without this disorder. The childs jaw will appear small and many times, he will be toothless, for Progeria causes delayed tooth formation. In addition, a child will ... ... Werner is more common, but much less well known (Kugler).      Progeria is a fatal, unfortunate disease. The fact that deformed children are completely mentally fit, and know they are different is terrible. It mustiness be hard to handle stares, smirks, pointing fingers, and still start to cope with the fact that you will probably not live recent fifteen years old. The public needs to be more meliorate on this disease, and not treat it as so much of a sick deformation. Infected children may look different , but they are the akin as anyone else. There are many organizations around that are aggregation money for the furthering of research, and to educate the public.     I could never imagine being the enkindle who has to make a choice of having a possibly mutated baby. Even with the odds in your favor, imagine choosing to have a baby, than discovering he will be born infected and you will outlive your son. Making that choice must be incomprehensivly difficult for both parents involved. Progeria is a mutation that needs to be dealt with very soon. Works CitedMalady of the Month-Progeria. Kugler, Mary. Progeria Syndroms. Werner Syndrome.

Where the Boys Arent Essay -- Education

Education in the United States was largely of the single-sex (SS) variety until the mid(prenominal) 1800s that single sex was male. Gradually, coeducational schools became the rule and the passage of Title IX of the Education Act of 1972 was a concrete step toward insuring that gender comparison would be the norm in all government-supported schools (Anfara & Mertens, 2008 Halpern et al., 2011 Johnson, 2004). A major diversity took place in 2001 when Congress passed the No Child Left tin Act of 2001 (NCLBA). An amendment to the act authorized school to use federal currency to create innovative programs including SS classes (Dee, 2006 Johnson, 2004). The amendment was co-sponsored or supported by five pistillate senators, namely, Kay Bailey Hutchinson, Hillary Rodham Clinton, Susan Collins, Barbara Mikulski (Johnson, 2004), and Diane Feinstein (Meyer, 2008) and approved unanimously by the Senate (Johnson, 2004). A reinterpretation of Title IX was issued in 2006 promulgati ng a set of federal guidelines under which SS classes would be legally permitted (Anfara & Mertens, 2008 Halpern et al., 2011 Johnson, 2004 Novotney, 2011 Rex & Chadwell, 2009). The next were required (a) be based on attaining a stated educational goal or providing diversity, (b) be wholly voluntary, (c) be implemented however handedly, (d) be substantially equal for both sexes, and (e) be reviewed at to the lowest degree biennially (Johnson, 2004 Rex & Chadwell, 2009). Since these changes have been implemented there has been a veritable fusillade of new SS classes implemented. As of the 2007-2008 school year, 97 SS public schools and 295 SS classes have been started (Billger, 2009). In South Carolina alone, the number of schools offering SS classes jumped from 30 in 200... ... K., & Smith, M. (2005). Single-sex versus coeducational reading A Systematic Review (2005-01). Retrieved from U. S. Department of Education http//www.ed.gov/about/offices/ diagnose/opepd/reports.htm lMeyer, P. (2008). Learning separately The case for single-sex schools. Education Next, 8(1), 11-21. Retrieved from www.educationnext.org/learning-separately/Novotney, A. (2011). Coed versus single-sex ed. Monitor on Psychology, 42(2). Retrieved from http//www.apa.org/ reminder/2011/02/coed.aspxRex, J., & Chadwell, D. (2009). Single-gender classrooms. The School Administrator, 66(8), 28-33. Retrieved from http//www.aasa.orgWolfgang, B. (2011, September 2). Boys in one class, girls in another at more schoolsSingle-sex option grows, but some still skeptical. The Washington quantify , p. 7. Retrieved from http//www.lexisnexis.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT ADVISOR :: essays research papers

AbstractThe relations Management Advisor (TMA) is part of the FAAs liberate Flight program which has been on going for the past 12 years in an attempt to enable controllers the means in which to manage airspace and reduce delays at airports safely and more efficiently. It uses flight plan knowledge along with environmental concerns to adjutant stork controllers in sequencing reachs at airports and makes recommendations for traffic patterns to aide in undue congestion. The TMA has boosted efficiency of the air traffic controllers and helped in give the axe efficiency and safety for the airlines, passengers and crews. The Concept of the Traffic Management AdvisorThe Traffic Management Advisor (TMA) is used to aide the air traffic controllers and coordinators thru in writing(p) map, which display alerts, when dealing with aircraft when they are on the outer meter, meter fixed, concluding approach and threshold for landing at an airport. The TMA schedules and sequences times f or their orbits and landings at airports which seize on a lot of the stress and calculations away from the controllers. It also schedules their landing trails for the aircraft which helps with disengagement and safety of the aircraft. It does this by computing their speed and approach angles which can be seen on a live Doppler type of screen.The TMA system relies on eight-spot processes which include the following 1) the communications manager which shares information between its databases, 2) the radio detection and ranging daemon which has a link between the TMA and the controllers computer, 3) the hold up daemon which uses weather information from the national weather service, 4) the timeline vivid user interface which receives and uses information from the traffic management controllers computer, 5) the route analyzer which decides which route the aircraft will use, 6) the planview graphical user interface which uses stimulation from the controllers and displays the infor mation, 7) the trajectory synthesizer which determines the estimated time of arrival and the descent profile of the aircraft, and 8) the dynamic planner which determines the runway and the sequences of the other future(prenominal) traffic.The TMA computes the aircrafts schedule and sequencing between 40 and 200 miles from the airport, even before they become reached the airports controlled airspace. All of this information comes from the aircrafts flight plan and the TMA has the ability to adjust runway assignments and the sequencing of the aircraft also due to environmental conditions or in response to the input by the controllers.

Liverpool :: essays research papers

The imposing iron render surviveing between the West derby hat streets and the Melwood training complex tycoon have shifted some 500 yards or so off Melwood highway and onto since the last term Liverpool contemplated a touch off to a European cupful Final but tabuside the scenes ar exactly the same. Five or six kids who dont look old comme il faut to remember a time before foreign managers at Anfield stand on tiptoes on the fence of the house opposite the entrance to the virtu every(prenominal)y famous training backdrop in English football. Theyve been here all day claims the steward manning the gates. neer mind the fact that their p atomic number 18nts probably count on theyre in school, theyre here, mobile ph unrivalleds move ined at the ready, to snap Djibril Cisse leaving in his Hummer. Twenty yards away, leaning against other wall, be two men hoping to collect autographs from players who, with the exception of possibly Maurico Pellegrino, are probably youn ger than their sons.Inside the foyer, Luis Garcia, decked out in long bootleg shorts and a black Reebok sweatshirt, looks up from inspecting the contents of a vast cardboard box sitting on the floor and smiles. He says hello, turns to the freshly receptionist, asks a question in absolute English and then scans the label in the signing-in book to see if he recognises any. It doesnt seem that long ago that Spaniard had to call in an interpreter to military service him answer questions in an interview for this website.Elsewhere, coaching staff, players and members of the medical team go about their business. The Premiership season cease yesterday and while departure lounges all over the country are probably packed with footballers waiting to resiny off to Dubai, Florida and anywhere in Europe with a lush light-green golf course and to the full stocked 19th hole, the only rush the players here will be boarding in the immediate future(a) is a non-stop chartered angiotensin converting enzyme to Istanbul.Liverpool might have finished one place and two points worsened off than last season but youd never guess it from the irritation inside and outside of Melwood. The small bet of the clubs first European cup Final to contest in 20 years has probably got something to do with it but even before aspirin Leverkusen, Juventus and Chelsea were dispensed with en road to the Ataturk Stadium, the mood was bristling with positivity and a face that, in what could only be described as Liverpool most off-the-wall season ever, anything could happen.Liverpool essays research paper The imposing iron gates standing between the West Derby streets and the Melwood training complex might have shifted some 500 yards or so off Melwood Avenue and onto since the last time Liverpool contemplated a trip to a European Cup Final but outside the scenes are exactly the same. Five or six kids who dont look old enough to remember a time before foreign managers at Anfield sta nd on tiptoes on the wall of the house opposite the entrance to the most famous training ground in English football. Theyve been here all day claims the steward manning the gates. Never mind the fact that their parents probably think theyre in school, theyre here, mobile phones poised at the ready, to snap Djibril Cisse leaving in his Hummer. Twenty yards away, leaning against another wall, are two men hoping to collect autographs from players who, with the exception of possibly Maurico Pellegrino, are probably younger than their sons.Inside the foyer, Luis Garcia, decked out in long black shorts and a black Reebok sweatshirt, looks up from inspecting the contents of a large cardboard box sitting on the floor and smiles. He says hello, turns to the new receptionist, asks a question in perfect English and then scans the names in the signing-in book to see if he recognises any. It doesnt seem that long ago that Spaniard had to call in an interpreter to help him answer questions in an interview for this website.Elsewhere, coaching staff, players and members of the medical team go about their business. The Premiership season ended yesterday and while departure lounges all over the country are probably packed with footballers waiting to jet off to Dubai, Florida and anywhere in Europe with a lush green golf course and fully stocked 19th hole, the only flight the players here will be boarding in the immediate future is a non-stop chartered one to Istanbul.Liverpool might have finished one place and two points worse off than last season but youd never guess it from the mood inside and outside of Melwood. The small matter of the clubs first European Cup Final to contest in 20 years has probably got something to do with it but even before Bayer Leverkusen, Juventus and Chelsea were dispensed with en route to the Ataturk Stadium, the mood was bristling with positivity and a feeling that, in what could only be described as Liverpool most bizarre season ever, anything cou ld happen.

Duty and Morality in Kant’s Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals :: Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals

This choice is only the first section of Immanuel Kants Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals. I am only outlet to discuss duty and morality. Kant gives three proffers regarding duty (p.107). Kant argues that the get out that acts from reason is the will guided by duty.The first proposition helps us distinguish which actions have moral worth by differentiating acts that argon propel because of duty and acts that are non. Kant shows the differences using a few examples, the first is a salesman who does not overcharge a customer even if he knows they are inexperienced, but the salesmans reasoning asshole this is that he doesnt regard to tarnish his reputation if he were to get caught overcharging an inexperienced customer. Kant says this is not because of morals, because the salesman was not motivated by duty to treat the customer fairly.The second proposition is an action through with(p) from duty has its moral worth, not in the mark that is to be attained by it, but in th e maxim consort to which the action is determined.(p.107). This meaning that an action is morally good if the motivating forces behind the decision to make that action are good.The third proposition is a combination of the first two, stated, as debt instrument is the necessity of an action done out of respect for the jurisprudence.(p.107). Kant thinks you must respect the law. The law is the only amour which can determine the will except objectively the law.(p.108). So because the law can be objective, even if you are inclined to break it, you should not.Duty and reason often conflict for an individual. An example that Kant uses is lying. When you lie, you expect that other mass will believe your lie, you believe this because the universal law is that you should be truthful. In this situation you have expected that the universal law you should live by is to be truthful, but you have also decided that you are going to allow yourself to make an exception to this universal law an d lie.

The Impact of Eleanor Roosevelt as First Lady Essay -- biographies bio

The Impact of Eleanor Roosevelt as a First Lady onward Eleanor Roosevelt, the purpose of the first base lady was not a political agency it was merely just a formal title of the presidents wife. Eleanor Roosevelt paved the way for all presidents wives to come by being dynamic in politics during and after her husbands presidency. Of course, she did not confirm instant success she had many trials which helped her become an important and influential role model. Eleanor Roosevelts dedication to her husband, her activeness in politics, and her volunteer work enabled her to stir the role of the First Lady.Eleanor Roosevelt was born on October 11, 1884 to Elliot and Anna Hall Roosevelt. Her mother was actually beautiful and thought of Eleanor as a disappointment and would even capture fun of her and call her mean nicknames like Granny (Cook, 21, vol. 1). Her father love her and she adored him but he was never around due to the circumstance that he was an alcoholic and a drug addict (Morey, 14). When Eleanor was seven geezerhood old, her parents got a divorce which left her mother, Anna, to raise the children alone (Spangenburg, 4). Eleanors parents both(prenominal) died shortly after, her mother when she was eight, and when she was ten she learned that her father had died as well. Eleanor and her two younger brothers were sent to live with their Grandmother Hall (Morey, 16-17).Although Eleanor did not induce a pleasant childhood, things started to look up when she started dating her fifth cousin, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. They were married on March 17, 1905 (Cook, 162, vol. 1). Eleanors Godfather, Theodore Roosevelt, the current president, agreed to walk her downward(a) the aisle at her wedding (Morey, 25-27). After their wedding, Franklin and Eleanors house was quiet not ready, so they lived with Franklins mother, Sara, who was not very fond of Eleanor. erstwhile Eleanor started having children Sara even insisted on helping raise them because she con sidered herself to be a punter mother than Eleanor (Morey, 28). Eleanor gave birth to 6 children, but lost one and from this became depressed. This was a hard time for her especially living with Sara. Finally, in 1910 they moved let onside(a) from Sara to Albany, New York so Franklin could run for Senator (Cook, 184-186, vol. 1).Eleanor Roosevelt was dedicated to Franklin and was always helping him out behind the scenes. When Franklin became... ...er own experiences and observations. Eleanor also said, I had really only lead assets I was keenly interested, I accepted every(prenominal) challenge and every opportunity to learn more, and I had great energy and self-discipline. (Spangenburg, 99) Eleanor Roosevelt changed the role of the first lady by her dedication to her husband through everything, her involvement in politics, and her willingness to help others through her volunteer work.Works Cited Black, Allida M. Courage in a Dangerous World. The Political Writings of Eleanor Ro osevelt. New York Coumbia University Press, 1999.Cook, Blanche Wiesen. Eleanor Roosevelt 1884 1993. Vol. 1. New York Penguin Books Ltd, 1992.Eleanor Roosevelt 1933 1938. Vol. 2. New York Penguin Books Ltd, 1999.Lash, Joseph P. Eleanor Roosevelt. Encylopedia Americana. 1997 ed.Levy, William Turner, and Cynthia shoot Russett. The Extraordinary Mrs. R. A Friend Remembers Eleanor Roosevelt. New York John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1999.Morey, Eileen. The Importance of Eleanor Roosevelt. San Diego lambent Books, Inc., 1998.Spangenburg, Ray, and Diane K. Moser. Eleanor Roosevelt A Passion to Improve. New York Facts on File, 1997.

Thomas Jefferson :: essays research papers

President doubting Thomas Jefferson 1801 - 1809Thomas Jefferson came into presidency with the intentions of limiting the size and power of the central government. His conquest and failures in accomplishing this goal were many. Thomas Jefferson was Americas third prexy in reign from 1801 1809, once tying in the presidential escape with Aaron Burr, where the decision was made by the House of Representatives to choose Jefferson whom they thought was little dangerous than Burr.     As president he was the first to be inaugurated in Washington which was a city he had helped to plan. President Jeffersons inauguration was in all likelihood the start of the changes in government. It has been said that his particular taking of office had flow to the simplest speech stating that "essential principals" would guide his administration and would support all states with " compeer and exact justice to all". And the actual changes of administration were the most composed of all, nonhing like those previously.Jeffersons accomplishments were most greatly seen by the capacity to simplify the Republican government in the new capital by cutting back the unnecessary branches and less useful positions while permutation Federalists with Republicans. And by the year 1808, Republicans held almost all the government offices. At the same time Jefferson fought to keep the size of the government from continuously growing. President Jefferson course diligently with congress to change the Alien wreaks to have a to a greater extent relaxed naturalization for only requiring five years of residency achieve unite States citizenship, instead of the previous fourteen years.While president Jefferson achieved credit for make the Federal governments priorities foreign affairs, and leaving local matters for the state and local governments to guide with.Jeffersons beliefs in local self government created differences between himself and horse parsley H amilton which created the Federalists (Hamilton followers) and the Democrat Republicans (Jefferson followers).President Jefferson was instrumental in the lah Purchase, which secured an area extending from Canada to the Gulf and the Mississippi to the Rockies, for fifteen million dollars. This purchase likewise led to the planning and organization of the Lewis and Clark expedition. However, the argument over whether or not Florida was included in the Louisiana Purchase caused many sarcastic attacks on Thomas Jefferson from members of congress.Although, shortly before leaving office President Jefferson was constrained to yield on certain acts that he had implemented, such as the Non-importation Act of 1806 and the Embargo Act of 1807.

Divided We Fall Essay -- essays research papers

     "Divided We Fall," a Czech photo about hard decisions and loyalty, non to geniuss country, entirely to yourself, is protrayed very well by director Jan Hrebejk. This movie, considered a black comedy, is more than just a true story macrocosm told it shows how hard it was for one family to conseal a Jewish person in their home.     Csonger Kassais character, David, take flight prison in Poland and returned to Czechoslovakia where he thought that someone could help him. He is taken in by his former employee (Bolek Polivka, who plays Josef), who is reluctant at first, but sp shuttings the next two years lying in order to part with David, himself, and his wife, Marie (Anna Siskova). Throughout the burgeon forth, there are many close calls. The worst one is that Marie told Horst (a worker for the Nazis, who always comes over uninvited) that she is pregnant (in order to save David), although everyone k forthwiths the bridge wa nt children, but consecrate never had any. Although you think that the couple have the hardest part of keeping David a secret, its hard for David, especially at the end where he has to show his face in order to save the mountain who have consealed him.     The setting of the house where Josef and Marie lived was a very good type of what most non-Jewish people would live in. It was small, but cosy just abundant for two people. It also included a pantry which was turned into a shelter for David. Not many shots were taken out of the house and that ones that were taken of the street told the audience a lot, especially during the resistance. That scene showed people blowing up houses where collaborators lived, breaking glass windows, and running around the street chaotic. The cinematic techniques added very much emotion to the story created on screen. Everytime there was a very eventful section or Nazis knocking on Josefs door, the cameras seemed to be slowing spate just a little bit, as if to tell the audience "Okay, now its the time to pay attention." Throughout the film, Hrebejk knew where to put the cameras in order to come out the best take of a scene, which enhanced the view of watching the movie and added suspence to it.     The euphony suited the movie very nicely. By the type of music playing, you could determine what sort of scene was coming up, either fast and light... ... it was his home, in order to save Josef and Marie from the Nazis searching their house. In that part, he did what was right. The perpetrators in the film would have been the Nazis who persecuted any family who had a Jew hiding with them. The victim was, of course, David. The collaborator was primarily Horst, but at time, Josef, when he really neede to be. The recuers were Josef and Marie, and at some quantify, Horst too. some could say that, in order to save Josef, Marie and Horst, David was the rescuer. Simacek (played by Ji ri Pecha0 would be also considered a rescuer since he never told the truth about Horst not being a real doctor. There seemed to be no bystanders in this film.     The name of the film, "Divided We Fall," is only part of the phrase that was used througout the unhurt film. "United we stand, divided we fall was the quote used mostly by Horst when he wanted to uplift Josefs feelings. It seemed easy to stand united but when disconcert occurs, divided is what most people will be. The film showed, especially at the end, that people could be united even through tough times and even though they feel like going against their conscience.

2005 Superbowl :: essays research papers

Pats vs. EaglesThrough the 2004-05 National Football League season, there was a mete aside of speculation about who would win the Super arena, simply like e really other year. As the regular season ended, it came down to just twelve teams, then eight, then four, then just two. Two teams who squander worked very hard to represent their separate leagues, and the crippled they shared was a great one. Although the Philadelphia Eagles played a very good game and were fit to put up 21 points, the 24 points by the New England Patriots, because of truehearted offence, sound defense, and a +2 takeaway margin, the Patriots were just too untold to handle.The Eagles came into this game with their star wide receiver injured. Terrell Owens, just two months earlier, was diagnosed unvoiced sprain of his ankles deltoid ligament and a fracture of his fibula. There was a lot of speculation about whether his ankle would be able to hold up, and it turns out his ankle would do just fine. Owens ended the game as the tether receiver for the Eagles with nine receptions for 122 yards and a long of 36. But this was not ample to keep the Eagles in this game. His quarterback, Donovan McNabb, threw an outrageous 51 times and completed 37 for 357 yards and 3 touchdowns. If this was all he did, these stats would induce made him the Super gyre most valuable player. However, McNabb also threw a season high 3 interceptions, and most of these were very uncharacteristic, and very unfortunate for the situation the Eagles were in. The cartroad game was also non-existent, step on it for only 44 yards. The high number of mental errors by Philadelphia, on with the lack of running game held them from scoring numerous times. The Patriots did not have these mental mistakes. New England Quarterback and two-time Super Bowl MVP Tom Brady had a few early mistakes, and unforced fumble, and led his receivers into just about dangerous situations, but after the first quarter, the Patriots offe nce started to click. Brady ended the game with 236 yards on 23 completions, and 2 touchdowns. New England also had the Super Bowl MVP Deion Branch, who left the game with a Super Bowl put down 11 receptions for 133 yards. Passing is a very big part of football, and the profound to a good passing game is a good running game.

Eriksons Psychosocial Theory Of Development: Young Adults :: Psychology Young Adult Development

The young large(p) has numerous stresses placed upon them by means of the route of evolution. Erikson has theorized developmental acquaints of growth into tasks. OfEriksons theoretical tasks, one task describes the conjecture of intimacy versusisolation. This task theory can be examined using the prescriptive crisis simulate.The knowledge of developmental tasks of the young adult can be practiced to thenurse especially associated with their ability to relate to the young adult.One of the stages in tone is the young adult, which suggests significant changesand an increase of responsibility. This stage of development is expound asbetween twenty and forty years, where ...the potential for furtherance ofintellectual, randy and even physical development comes. (Gething, 1995,p.377). As people age the raise of the developmental stages can differ, sothey have formulated to assess the proficiency by using two principal crisismodels. The first, are the normative crisis model and t he second includes thetiming of events crisis model. The normative crisis model has been powerful in formative the psychology of the developmental stages as it has allowed theoriststo imply that stages of development can determine an age related time sequence.(Gething, 1995).The normative crisis model suggests that human development has a built inground plan in which crisis as describe by Erikson are seen as a requirementthat mustiness be resolved by the person before successful procession from onedevelopmental stage to another. Such achievement of this task crisis should termination the young adult with the ability to challenge previous ideas held by the girlish about intimacy and isolation. This model is adapted for progressionof the tasks to follow the chronological age of the adult, while the relatedsocial and emotional changes progress by dint of a sequence that Eriksoncharacterises in to eight specific crisis tasks over the life span. (Kozier, erb,blais & wilkinson, 1995. ).The second crisis model depends upon the timing of events and is not dependantupon resolution of crisis or a ground plan, but stresses the importance of eachevent that occur in the young adults life. Life events that proceed as expected forget encourage development, where as life events that are unexpected can resultin anxiety and a slow progression of development. (Gething, 1995.).The young adult according to Eriksons theory of personality should beprogressing through the psychosocial crisis of intimacy versus isolation. Thetasks for this stage of life consist of courting and selecting a mate,marriage and associated choices, e.g. children and monogynous relationship,career choices and lifestyle changes and furthering intellectual abilities toaccommodate choices. (Turner & Helms, 1987.).

Stroke Mortality Among Alaska Native People :: Article Review, Ronnie Horner

My article review is on, Stroke Mortality Among Alaska Native People, by Ronnie Horner. The Alaskan Natives meet been suffering with the vast number of mortality rates caused by biass. This article was written to successfully understand the Alaskans solidus problem or factors that contribute to this problem, and eventually find strategies that will supporter in its bar. The only problem that exists with trying to come up with strategies for prevention is the sparseness of the epidemiological data of the Alaskan Natives. It is hard to categorize the Alaskans in one separate group, the Horner states, to its failure to consider Alaska Native People as one distinct cultural group, one among the many that comprise the American Indian/Alaska Native designation(Horner 1). This creates a problem because it puts limitations on the faculty of the epidemiology of the Alaskan Natives. With this being said, patterns have arisen in the number of chance event victims that are Alaskan Nativ es, Stroke Mortality appears to be significantly elevated among comparatively younger American Indians/Alaska Natives compared to US whites of similar age (Horner 1). This shows that there essential be an unknown factor that has led or caused the younger Natives to have a stroke. Something must had to change because the word elevated is used which contends deep increased to what it normally was. It seems that Alaskan Natives are the number one pagan group that is impacted by Stroke Mortality, Horner points out, Of note, data for the 1990s indicate that stroke mortality has decreased in all racial heathen groups except for American Indians/ Alaskan Natives(Horner 1). In detail this article attempts to go in out what factors are causing these elevations in stroke mortality that is not seen in any other ethnic group. Methods/Results/Conclusion The doctors had to first advance the death certification data of the Alaskan Natives, Horner states, We conducted an analysis of death c ertificate data for the state of Alaska for the period 1984 to 2003, comparing age standardized stroke mortality rates among Alaska Natives residing in Alaska vs. US whites by age category, genders, stroke type, and time (Horner 1). This will allow the doctors to examine the data to really intermit that Alaskan Natives were more prone to strokes than whites. With this data the doctors also need a population of Alaskans that they could carefully examine and study, Horner explains, the study population was defined as all Alaskan residents who self-identified as Alaskan Native People.

Free Handmaids Tale Essays: The Red Motif :: Handmaids Tale Essays

The Red Motif in The handmaids Tale In the dystopian novel The Handmaids Tale written by Marg bet Atwood, the recurrent appearance of the glossiness red draws an interesting yet perverse parallel between femininity and violence. The dominant alter of the novel, red is associated with all things female. However, red is also the color of race death and violence therefore be closely associated with women in this male-dominated ultraconservative government. We are first introduced to the color red when the narrator is describing how she gets spiffed up The red gloves are lying on the bed. Everything except the wings round my face is red the color blood, which defines us. Here, we are unsure if Atwood is referring to blood as menstrual and feminine, or as the result of disobedience and the violence which results. The women of Handmaid are cloaked in red as a proctor of their fertility. However, in the context of Gilead, red is not just menstrual blood or blood resulting from bi rth the red is a threat of death. Offred would subsequent say, I never looked good in red, Its not my color. Red tulips are also a recurrent image in The Handmaids Tale. Tulips, often seen as llonic symbols in many works, can be interpreted this way also. Tulips are women, and red tulips are women cloaked in red, red blood. On scallywag 12 Offred narrates The tulips are red, a darker crimson towards the stem, as if they have been neck and are beginning to heal there. If a deeper interpretation of this thought is warranted, I would think the place where the tulip meets the stem in the neck of the woman, and as the government came in and stripped them of all power they cut off their heads in a way by depriving them of money, reading materials, and any type of education. Tulips, uniform the cloaks, are symbols of violence against females in the perverse world of Gilead. A conspicuous use of red to relate women with violence can be seen on page 32 But on one bag theres blood, which has seeped by the white cloth, where the mouth must have been. It makes another mouth, a elfin red one. . . This smile of blood is what fixes the attention finally. The men who are abatement are meant to scare, as Atwood clearly states, yet meant to scare who?